Credit Tier Breakdown, Part Two Good Credit

Credit Tier Breakdown, Part Two Good Credit Credit Tier Breakdown, Part 2: Good Credit Credit Tier Breakdown, Part 2: Good CreditWelcome back to our ongoing series on credit scoresâ€"from the very top to the very bottom. Here well discuss the impact a credit score in this tier will have on the loans available to you and the interest rates you can expect to be charged. Were also going to show you how to begin improving your score.If you haven’t already done so, take a few minutes and check out our first entry, which covers Great Credit, or scores from 720-850. For this second entry, we’ll be looking at Good Credit: 680-719.What Kind of Loans Can You Get?If you have a score between 680 and 719, then you have a generally good record of using credit, but there is still something holding you back from reaching your full credit potential. It could be that your credit card balances are a bit high (above 35 percent of your total credit limit), or that you forgot to pay a bill or two sometime in the past couple of years.Either way, you’re still going to qualify for most k inds of financial products. According to Roslyn Lash AFC ®, Founder of Youth Smart Financial Education Services @RosLash, “A person with a good credit score can get better interest rates which translates into a lower payment. There are other benefits too, such as lower insurance premiums, less expensive car payments, and even a better chance of employment.If you have good credit and want a credit card, you can just choose from one of the many offers you probably have piling up on your dining room table. Getting a car should be a snap too. Sure, you might have to settle for a slightly less expensive model (or a nice used car) if you want to get a good rate, but you’ll definitely be able to find something that works.The same goes for buying a house. With a credit score in this range, you’ll certainly qualify for a mortgage loan, but the rates you’ll get might mean going for a slightly less expensive home. Instead of the 4-bed, 3-bath, maybe the 3-bed, 2-bath is a better financ ial fit. Just make sure that you read your contract thoroughly because in this range you are slightly more vulnerable to predatory housing lenders.One area where you’ll run into issues qualifying for a loan is with an unsecured loan from a traditional lending institution like a bank. These loans do not involve any collateralâ€"which is property that the lender can claim if you don’t pay them backâ€"so these loans are approved entirely on whether or not the lender thinks you can repay. Your credit score is absolutely crucial for these loans, and you might find yourself getting turned downâ€"especially if you’re asking for a larger loan to consolidate your other debt.What kind of Interest Rates Can You Get?Remember, your FICO credit score is basically like a letter grade for the information credit report. It takes every bill you’ve paid, every balance you’ve carried over month-to-month, and every loan you’ve taken out and it spits out a three-digit number that tells lender s, “This is how person X handles borrowing money.”A score in this range tells lenders that you are generally good with credit, but that you still represent a risk. If they lend you too much money at too low a rate, there is a chance that you will not pay the loan backâ€"costing them thousands of dollars in the process.That’s why borrowers with good credit scores see higher rates than borrowers with great credit. These scores are good enough that people aren’t going to be denied outright (except for certain unsecured personal loans), but they are low enough the lenders are going to need to protect themselves.According to Lash, “A person with a 690 credit score would pay $976 monthly for a $200k 30-year mortgage. However, someone with a lower score of 650 would receive a higher interest rate and a payment of $1,053. Over the life of the loan, thats $27,560 more! Same house, different score and different payment.”Using the  MyFico Loan Savings Calculator,  you will find tha t a person with a 690 credit score who was applying for a 60-month, $30,000 auto loan would pay an interest rate of 4.857 percent. Compare that to the 3.512 rate that a borrower with a 790 score would pay. Over the life of the loan, the borrower with the 690 score would pay an additional $1,096 compared to the borrower with the 760 score.As for credit cards, personal finance reporter J.R. Duren (@jr_duren) says that “Most credit cards have three tiers of APRs than range from, on average, 16% to 25%. Middle-of-the-road credit scores may be able to snag the occasional low rate, but expect to get the middle rate, which hovers around 19-21%.”What Can I Do to Improve My Score?First things first, if you haven’t requested a copy of your credit report, do that. Under federal law, you are entitled to one free copy of your credit report per year from each of the three major credit bureaus: Experian, TransUnion, and Equifax. (For those keeping score at home, that’s a grand total of thr ee free scores per year.)You can request a free copy of your report by going to AnnualCreditReport.com. Once you have your report, you should go over it with a fine-tooth comb looking for two things: errors and clues. Information can differ between the credit bureausâ€"mistakes tooâ€"so its a good idea to get all three reports to compare them.Errors are information on your report that’s just plain wrong. Maybe there’s a credit card you paid off that is still showing a balance, or maybe you had a bill sent to collections that you paid in full but the collections account is still showing up as open. Whatever the error is, you should report it to the bureau immediately. For more information, check out what the Federal Trade Commission recommends when it comes to disputing errors on credit reports.Clues are a bit different. A clue on your credit report is something that points you towards why your score isn’t as high as it could be. There are many different activities that can din g your credit, but the two biggest things are your payment history and your amounts owed. Missed or late payments or collections notices against you are going to bring down your score quite a bit, as will carrying balances above 35 percent on your credit cards.While paying down those balances will help your credit score substantially, credit expert Chella Diaz (@ChellaDiazMoney) is clear on the fact that you should not stop using your credit cards altogether. She suggests that you keep using your cards to pay for things like gas and groceries to keep them active.That is the biggest mistake people make when they want to increase their credit score,” says Diaz. “If there is no activity on the account, the credit card companies consider the account dead.”Having your account closed out will reduce your amount of available credit, which means that the amount of credit you’re using will go up. That will mean paying down even more of your outstanding debt before you see any improve ment in your score.Want to learn more about how your FICO score and  your credit reports  work? Check out our  QA with Rod Griffin, Education Director for Experian.About the Contributors:Roslyn Lash, is an Accredited Financial Counselor and the founder of Youth Smart Financial Education Services.  She specializes in youth financial education, adult coaching and works virtually with adults helping them navigate through their personal finances i.e. budgeting, debt, and credit repair.  Her advice has been featured in national publications such as USA Today, TIME, Huffington Post, NASDAQ, Los Angeles Times, and a host of other media outlets.J.R. Duren, is a personal finance reporter for highya.com. He covers credit cards, credit scores, student loans and other topics important to consumers’ financial life.Chella Diaz, is a mom, author, speaker and consultant. She empowers parents with young children to set up their kids to be their own bank. She facilitates workshops for college stu dents. One of Chella’s greatest strengths is showing people the ways they can save money so they always have money for the things that are most important. You are the boss and the money is your employee. How are you going to manage it?

Evolution vs. Creation Essay - 915 Words

Don’t Monkey Around in Class nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;â€Å"In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth† (Gen. 1:1). Words of this nature have been questioned for thousands of years—by naturalists, materialists, humanists, etc.—and, in more recent times, have led to court cases, heated arguments, and public debates. The major debate intended to be covered in this piece is that of whether or not evolution should be taught in classrooms. Also, if it is to be taught, should it be taught as fact or theory? It is also intended to present enough evidence to disprove evolution altogether and, as a result, make it much less than a theory, but actually the vain opinions of a man who chose not to accept the truth.†¦show more content†¦Organisms either appeared on the earth fully developed or they did not. If they did not, they must have developed from preexisting species by some form of modification. If they did appear in a fully developed state, they must indeed have been created by some omnipotent intelligence† (qtd. in Gish). Furthermore, if evolution were true, â€Å"there would be countless fossils of transitional forms†¦., millions of fossils showing various stages in the gradual transition of kinds of organisms into different kinds†¦., and ‘missing links’† (Parker, et al, 367). â€Å"Charles Darwin himself recognized this problem: ‘The number of intermediate varieties, which have formerly existed, must be truly enormous. Why then is not every geological formation and every stratum full of such intermediate links? Geology assuredly does not reveal any such finely graduated organic chain; and this, perhaps is the most obvious and serious objection to the theory† (Parker, et al, 367). Darwin’s doubts, however, do not stop there: †To suppose that the eye†¦could have been formed by natural selection, seems, I freely confess, absurd in the highest possible degree† (Parker, et al, 381). Also, with respect to transitional forms and the fact th at the animal must be alive and fully functional during any change, he says, â€Å"If it could be demonstrated that any complex organ existed, which by numerous, successive modifications, my theory would absolutely break down. Gregory Parker’s text alsoShow MoreRelatedControvery of Creation vs. Evolution in Inherit the Wind, by Jerome Lawrence and Robert E. Lee624 Words   |  3 PagesIn Inherit The Wind, by Jerome Lawrence and Robert E. Lee, is about a big trial in a small town, and a controversial Creation versus Evolution debate. There are many characters with flamboyant and powerful personalities. Among them are: Matthew Harrison Brady, and Henry Drummond. Although all of these influential people are powerful, not all of them have the same amount of power, not only over other people, but over themselves as well. Matthew Harrison Brady is a very powerful, and revered man atRead MoreCreation Vs. Evolution : Creation Versus Evolution2016 Words   |  9 PagesCreation vs evolution Creation vs. evolution has been a very large debate for a long time. People have been debating whether or not evolution was fact or fiction ever since Charles Darwin published his theory of biological evolution in 1859 in his book, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favored Races in the Struggle for Life, or as it is most commonly known On the Origin of Species. There are several different people in the world, each person having theirRead MoreEvolution Vs Creation Vs Evolution1395 Words   |  6 Pagescame first; the chicken or the egg?† Both evolution and creation make excellent counter-arguments against one another about how Earth came to be, and have also been argued against one another for many years. This paper will contain the topics of comparing evolution and creation; these topics are that they are both based on theories, Earth was one big continent, and natural selection. Along with those topics, there will be contrasts betw een evolution and creation; these topics will include chimpanzeesRead MoreEssay on Creation vs. Evolution1348 Words   |  6 PagesCreation vs. Evolution Ever since the publication of Charles Darwins The Origin of Species was published there has been an ongoing debate between science and religion. Scientists have formulated many theories as to the origins of man and to the creation of the earth, whereas religious groups have one main creation theory, based on the Genesis story of The Bible. These theories, however, are not the cause of the debate because the different theories are simply myths meantRead MoreCreation vs. Evolution Essay1147 Words   |  5 Pagesscientists would have people to believe that evolution is the only reasonable explanation of the universe. Scientists, like Stephen Hawking, claim that they have proved that evolution is the correct answer to the origins of life and the universe, yet evolution is still a theory. This problem occurs because evolution is not the only answer. In fact, the creation theory offers a more feasible answer to the origins of the universe than the evolution theory does. Creation has the backings of the Bible, an extraordinarilyRead MoreThe Creation Vs. Evolution Debate1017 Words   |  5 PagesThe creation vs. evolution debate is a question of origins. How did we get here? Were we created or did we evolve randomly? Are we the product of purposeful intelligence or are we merely the end result of countless cosmic accidents? What does the evidence say? Well in this paper I am writing in re gards to creation and what I learned and what I believe that is true evidence that God was the one that created us in his image, so here we go. In genesis 1:1 its tells us in the Beginning God created theRead MoreCreation vs Evolution Essay754 Words   |  4 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;There are two different beliefs of how everything came to be. One is creation. Creationalists believe in what the Bible says which is that God created everything. Another is evolution. Evolutionalists believe that there was a quot;big bangquot; which brought forth everything. In this paper, Im going to give the arguments that prove evolution wrong. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;One of the main things that evolutionalists have a problem with is time. They say thatRead MoreEvolution Vs. Creation Essay1654 Words   |  7 PagesEvolution! The theory that every living organism has come from a lesser organism. A theory that claims humans have come from monkeys. This theory, is what’s being taught to our children in school. If a child asks a teacher about the theory of Creation, they are sure to get a response like, I’m not allowed to answer that question, or something along those lines, because schools are not allowed to teach on religious subjects. I guess schools think that evolution is the next best thing. I believeRead More Creation vs. Evolution Essay3066 Words   |  13 PagesCreation vs. Evolution Since the publication of Darwin’s Origin of Species in 1859, there has been a continuous debate in the United States regarding evolution and creation. Recently, this debate has intensified throughout America over the issue of whether or not to include creationism in the public school curriculum either in conjunction with evolution or as a replacement for the theory. With such a volatile subject being argued, there are other issues that are brought up at theRead MoreThe Creation Vs. Evolution Debate1017 Words   |  5 PagesThe creation vs. evolution debate is a question of origins. How did we get here? Were we created or did we evolve randomly? Are we the product of purposeful intelligence or are we merely the end result of countless cosmic accidents? What does the evidence say? Well in this paper I am writing in regards to creation and what I learned and what I believe that is true evidence that God was the one that created us in his image, so here we go. In gen esis 1:1 its tells us in the Beginning God created the

The Key to Successful Profile Essay Topics

The Key to Successful Profile Essay Topics The New Fuss About Profile Essay Topics A title needs to be short and witty. This profile essay example for college should offer you a notion of the way to write. For instance, your essay might be significant to a particular group of people, a different era or a geographical site. Your profile essay ought to be an in depth picture of the individual interviewed or the place or a function. The primary aim of a thriving essay is to present your readers a whole description of a subject. The simplest approach to decide on the sort of an essay is to realize the writer's point of view. Aprofile essay is a sort of essay that centers a particular individual, place, or thing. A prosperous essay on a man or woman ought to be able to pull in the readers. Key Pieces of Profile Essay Topics The introduction portion of the essay needs to be unique and attention grabber and ought to make readers eager to read further. When it will let your read ers the aim of the profile essay again, it also needs to state whether the objective of the exact same is achieved. By eliminating one sentence from a three-sentence quotation, for example, your readers may discover that it's a lot easier to recognize the vital point you want to have across. At the microscopic level of diction they are willing to buy a lemon. Top Choices of Profile Essay Topics If you want more help with profile essays, get in contact with us, and we are going to assign a writer that will help you out. Before you commence working on a profile essay, it is necessary that you learn to understand what is required of you in such papers. Since you may see, writing a profile essay is a quiet interesting and hard endeavor. When you're writing a profile essay, you are going to be writing a brief biographical piece on the topic of your pick. The topic has to be interesting, the topic has to be essential and finally intriguing profile essay topics topic has to be info rmative. It is possible to locate a thriving essay example of somebody's interview online. The secret to writing a fantastic profile essay is to select a personal profile essay example of an entertaining subject. As with other essay types, an essay based on somebody's interview is going to have a conclusion. You pick the subject, writing a personal statement for child nursing a superior essay, submit it and don't get the maximum grade. Your essay might incorporate the explanations for teen pregnancy and talk about the present rates of teen pregnancy and potential solutions. Inside my experience, descriptive essays are only difficult in regards to deciding just what things to write about. Application essays about challenges reveal how you respond to difficulty to individuals who are really interested in how you are going to manage the subsequent four years by yourself. Go through the instructions given in college to make sure your profile essay meets the ideal standards. Whe n you're writing around a subject you're energetic about. If you discover that the writer did not provide precisely what you expected, request a revision, and we'll make the corrections. Students have to compose essays based on the teacher's instructions or their preferred style in writing. Profile Essay Topics - the Story Profile essays, such as other essays, follow a specific structure. Your research essay topic may also have to be related. If you're a writer looking for an essay topic worth exploring, below are some topics that may. The essay should be on a new and special topic in order to pull the readers. It is divided into three major parts. Your essay should have a title. It shouldn't be completely neutral. Observe the way the profile essays are written utilizing the very first person voice. Interviewing might also be used in the event the profile essay is all about a place or an occasion. A profile is a particular sort of research undertaking. Some topics are very general, while some are specific. Writing a profile essay may be hectic activity, but with the most suitable info and preparation, it's possible to actually find it interesting. Writing a comprehensive essay about an individual or entity is quite easy as you have all of the vital resources and data available. The Tried and True Method for Profile Essay Topics in Step by Step Detail Nowadays it's quite hard to locate a trustworthy essay writing service. You need to understand how to compose an effective essay as it is a typical founda tion for a student's grade. Academic papers can't contain any signals of plagiarism. Writing a profile essay for the very first time presents a challenge to numerous students. When you're creating a great research paper there are quite a few affairs you should recollect. You will discover that a lot of the topics can be adapted to suit almost any type of writing assignment. You ought to use the benefit of asking questions even if you're writing about places or events. Tell our experts what sort of homework help on the internet you will need to get. The Chronicles of Profile Essay Topics A profile essay on a place is an excellent chance to utilize your imagination. Specifically, many individuals to needs in the subject from the child action room to foster the growth of the life program. Every other time if you need aid, you will understand that there are people who are able to support you accordingly. If you need assistance with writing your assignment, you experience a ch ance to take whole benefit of our professional essay writing help. Who Else Wants to Learn About Profile Essay Topics? Profiles present an outstanding deal of factual detail about their subject. Readers normally get informed from profile literary work because of the vivid description of the information included in profile essays. Where will help will enable you to will need for cheap we could go right ahead and rejuvenate.

Proposal for Annotated Bibliography on Business Ethics Free Essays

Title: Annotated Bibliography for Proposed Project on Business Ethics Proposal There are many different opinions in todays world about the necessity and importance of implementing a business ethics oath for all who wish to work in the corporate world. Society would greatly benefit from the implementation of a business ethics pledge being sworn by everyone who graduates from business school. Corporate greed would start to dwindle and there would be many more moral and ethical leaders in todays corporations. We will write a custom essay sample on Proposal for Annotated Bibliography on Business Ethics or any similar topic only for you Order Now A business ethics pledge would help start corporate culture within todays leading businesses which can help not only keep a corporation ethical but help them to succeed financially and with their sustainability. Annotated Bibliography Gini, Al. â€Å"Business, Ethics, And Leadership In A Post Enron Era. † Journal Of Leadership Organizational Studies (Baker College) 11. 1 (2004): 9-15. Business Source Complete. Web. 18 Oct. 2012. In this article, Al Gini describes how the ethics f leadership affect the ethics of the workplace and helps to form the ethical choices and decisions of the workers in the workplace. Gini goes on to explain that the central problem of ethics in business today Schweiger 2 is the absence of positive moral leadership and the neglected development of a moral culture within the corporation. He credits these problems for the rise in corporate greed and unethical behavior that occurs in todays society and economy. Gini describes how in todays world the availability and opportunity to express corporate greed has grown extensively due to the lack of moral leadership and a ethical corporate culture. Wayne, Leslie. â€Å"A Promise to be Ethical in an Era of Immortality. The New York Times (2009). In this article, Leslie Wayne presents the idea that todays generations very different from yesterdays. Today students are more concerned about how corporations affect the community, the lives of its workers, and the environment. They are still concerned with making money just like any other businessmen, but not at the expense of others and not unethically. Wayne tells in this art icle how some schools have already made a business ethics pledge mandatory for all students, and how some students at other schools are taking the pledge by choice. Wayne provides good arguments and supports them with evidence for why business ethics pledges should be constitutionalized and taken by all entering the corporate world. Sims, Brinkham, Johannes. â€Å"Enron Enthics: Culture Matters more than Codes. † Journal of Business Ethics, Jul 2003. Vol. 45, Iss. 3; Pg 243. In this article, by Ronald R. Sims, Brinkmann, and Johannes, the topical issue is the Enron Scandal that occurs in 2001. The authors provide different viewpoints of the scandal and point out that in the eyes of the executive managers of Enron, their actions where completely ethical and legal. In fact, before 2001, Enron was actually praised for being an excellent corporate citizen and for obtaining a high standard of business ethics. Sims, Brinkmann, and Johannes suggest that some corporations look ethical to the public but in fact commit many violations of what is today called common business ethics. Heller, Nathan A. , and Victor L. Heller. â€Å"Business Ethics Education: Are Business Schools Teaching To The AACSB Ethics Education Task Force Recommendations?. International Journal Of Business Social Science 2. 20 (2011): 30-38. Business Source Complete. Web. 18 Oct. 2012. In this article, Nathan A. Heller, and Victor L. Heller identify their shared views on the failure of business schools to provide graduates with the ethical skills they need to be a responsible and educated leader. Heller and Heller define business ethics as how individuals, at all levels of the organization, make decisions and live their lives according to a standard of right and wrong behavior. They observe the fact that business schools take pride and market success of their graduates, but fail to take responsibility, for their ethical failures. Heller and Heller believe that business schools have encouraged their students to focus too much on analytical skills in order to maximize profits at all costs without consideration of the ethical implications of their actions. Carroll, Archie B. â€Å"Reflections On The Business Ethics Field And Business Ethics Quarterly. † Business Ethics Quarterly 20. 4 (2010): 715-717. Business Source Complete. Web. 18 Oct. 012. In this article, Norman Bowie, former president of the Society for Business Ethics (SBE), develops reasons for the reoccurring lack of business ethics in todays society. Bowie credits mostly the fact that when business is booming, that business ethics seem to erode and businessmen don’t seem to mind walking all over others. He also identifies that lack of business ethics, particularly within the top level executives, to be the major downfall of the last decade resulting in events like the Enron Era and the Wall Street Financial Scandal of 2008. This is and interesting article which identifies the problem areas and lack of business ethics and can be greatly expanded on. Brenkert, George G. â€Å"The Limits And Prospects Of Business Ethics. † Business Ethics Quarterly 20. 4 (2010): 703-709. Business Source Complete. Web. 18 Oct. 2012. In this article, George G. Brenkert expresses his beliefs that schools of business must play a more active role in directing the thinking of future managers to more ethical business behavior. He goes on to say that instead of focusing on profit maximization, businesses should focus on making meaningful work for employees. Brenkert identifies the fact that many businesses still have not accepted moral responsibility for the Wall Street crisis of 2008, ad some even go as for to blame the federal reserve and the government instead of looking in the mirror. He believes that businesses must foster a higher level of ethical behavior in order to avoid repeating this same financial crisis the future. How to cite Proposal for Annotated Bibliography on Business Ethics, Essay examples

Joy bases his concern of future machine influence Essays

Joy bases his concern of future machine influence to humans, to a discussion he had with Ray Kurzweil at a conference in 1998.He presents a dystopian vision of the future among the technology community. Joy believes humans will be at a mercy of the machines or machines could be in control of the elite rendering the masse to be of no use. He is convinced by his prediction drawing the attention of the reader to Moravec's book which contains similar claims. For example, in nanotechnology, the self-replicating nanobots could get out of control. In fact, Joy wonders what if mistake are made at the design stage of the robots. The consequences could be fatal. Joy suggests that nanotechnology, genetics and robotics are too dangerous to pursue. According to joy such developments ought to be limited since the could be dangerous. In response to Joy's article, Russell and Duenes criticize the article. They dispel the visions by Joy as nonexistent for ten years down the line. The anticipated scenarios had not been achieved yet. They question his credibility to make such pronouncement. They feel technologists are better placed to make such predictions. They are opposed to the idea of human extinction because of technology. The conclude by saying that Joy's predictions to be just a bout desires and with no scientific relations. Hippocratic codes are ethical guidelines formulated to guide the physician to carry out their profession in an ethical manner. It is a good idea as suggested by Joy. It will bring about ethics in the science and technology professionals. However care ought to be taken to ensure no over supervision is done the could derail innovations. https://russellandduenes.wordpress.com/2010/12/04/why-the-future-doesnt-need-us-ten-years-later/

Len Wades Behaviour †Criminal Justice

Len Wades Behaviour – Criminal Justice Free Online Research Papers The aim of this essay is to discuss, analyse and investigate the reasons which may have caused Len Wade to act illegally and to consider the limitations and usefulness of criminological theories in evaluating his behaviour. The two main theories which will be discussed are self control theory and social bond theory by Travis Hirschi. Also, other criminological literature and approaches will be considered in analysing Len Wades offences. Self control theory is based on the idea that all humans have the desire to commit crime and it is our high or low levels of self control which encourage or restrain us from doing so. Those with low levels of self control are more likely to engage in criminal activity as they are more impulsive and in need of instant gratification. Self control levels are influenced by the quality of parenting received in early years, and by the age of 7 or 8, the child has already acquired their personal level of self control which is unlikely to change. Neglected or abused children are likely to suffer from lower levels of self control than those who are well cared for. Those with low levels of self control are also more likely, in later life, to smoke, drink and use drugs which fill their needs for instant gratification. Social bond theory also considered that the propensity to commit crime was in all humans but it was negated and weakened by social bonds which encourage conformity to the law. There are four social bonds; acceptance, commitment, involvement and belief. Acceptance relates to how strong the individuals personal relationships are with family and friends, the stronger these are the less likely the individual is to commit crime. This could be criticised in that a person strongly bonded to others who may encourage them to commit crime could become more not less likely to do so. Commitment relates to the time and energy the individual invests in conventional activities within society, if an individual has a good reputation within the community to uphold, they may be less likely to commit an offence. Commitment can be explained by considering a cost-benefit analysis of whether or not to commit an offence; if the costs are too high (loss of job and good reputation) then the individual is less likely to offend. However, if the individual has no job or reputation to uphold, they may feel they have nothing to lose by committing a crime. A criticism of this could be that some may have bad reputations and feel in order to uphold them, they must commit crime. Similarly to the acceptance element, if criminal behaviour is normal within a subsection of society which an individual is part of then behaving in that way to conform to differing social bonds may encourage not deter the individual from acting in a criminal manner. Involvement is the extent to which the individual is involved with conventional activities within society such as having a job, hobbies or being part of a club. Again, the less engrossed the individual is in conventional activities, the more likely it is for them to commit an offence. Belief refers to an individuals inherent respect for authority and their convictions that rules should or should not be followed which naturally influences their behaviour. Len Wades case is interesting from both these perspectives although neither fully explain his criminality. Firstly, this essay will consider his family life which is key to understanding the reasons behind his behaviour. Len Wades father is schizophrenic and his mother, while supportive of him, is naturally distracted and unlikely to give him the attention he needs, especially as he is the youngest of 5. The Newcastle Family Study which involved 1000 participants had six indicators of family deprivation; marital problems, parental illness, poor domestic care, social dependence, overcrowding and poor mothering. It could be assumed that at least 3 of the above apply to Len Wade, marital problems caused by his fathers mental illness, parental illness and overcrowding as there were 5 children in an area we may be able to assume was not rich (Grimley Estate). Thus for the purposes of the study, he would be classified as multiply deprived, seven out of ten of these multiply deprived boys went on to be convicted of a crime. Another study entitled Disrupted families and delinquency# found that within a high conflict family, the chances of children becoming criminals was significantly higher than in a family without conflicts. Len Wades parents situation could be described as high conflict so again, his chances of becoming an offender are high. Parental conflicts and problems at home were also found to be contributory factors to a childs later criminality by a study done by Kolbo.# According to Social Bond theory, good relationships with parents are key to prevent offending by children. Len Wades relationship with his father could be said to be difficult and strained due to his fathers illness and although we do not know enough about his mother, she must have been distracted and under pressure due to his fathers mental health problems so may not have had a strong relationship with Len Wade either. His only real social bonds seem to be with his peers, who he looks to for the affection and encouragement his parents failed to provide, so although attachment to them may be strong, they have influenced him to take drugs and behave in a criminal manner. The sole strong attachment Len Wade seems to have is to his friends, indeed, he has even engaged in criminal behaviour with them, and they, like him, are all drug users. Recent studies# have shown that associating with other offenders increases the likelihood of offending and this seems to be the case here. The lack of a meaningful relationship with Len Wades father may well have been a contributing factor to his later having offended. A study by Farrington in 1973# indicated that having a father who does not join in with his sons leisure activities greatly increases the later risk of his son offending. Further, the Cambridge study also found that a strong relationship with the father was needed in order to decrease the risk of offending. Len Wades lack of a positive male role model may have contributed to the later offences he committed, as any other male contact may have been from his friends who could not be described as positive influences in his life. According to Hirschis self control theory, abusive or neglectful parenting increases the likelihood of the child offending in later life as such children have lower levels of self control. Although Len Wades childhood could not be said to be neglectful as such he may have suffered from a lack of attention due to the domestic situation. Indeed, he admits to having tantrums and claims to be building a better relationship with his mother now although with regards to self control theory, the damage may have already been done as a childs level of self control can be determined by the time the child is 7 or 8. Thus, self control theory implies Len Wades levels of self control may be lower than usual and thus he is more likely to commit a crime. Also, as regards to Len Wades family life, poor supervision has been found to be a contributing factor to a childs later behaviour and it could be said that due to the pressure his mother was under, and the other children, that Len Wade was not well supervised as a child. Indeed, it could be argued that as he started smoking heroin at 13, this indicates a definite lack of supervision in his adolescence. A study by Stern and Smith# found that poor childhood supervision is the strongest predictor of offending. Further, the Youth Lifestyles Study already cited by the Home office also found a correlation between poor supervision and the propensity to offend later in life. Other important factors which have influenced Len Wades criminality are his friends and his drug addiction; the two seem linked as without his friends he may not have become addicted to drugs and without drugs, he would have to socialise with different people. Indeed, his attachment to his friends who use drugs seems to encourage not discourage him from criminal behaviour. Considering this from a Social Bond theory perspective, he seems to have no involvement with any conventional activities, his sole method of entertainment involves drugs. Thus, this weakens his social bonds and increases the likelihood of offending. Len Wade is not at all engrossed in any conventional leisure activities and when asked why he returned to drug use said there was nowt else to do. This again shows a weakening of social bonds but also refers to a study by Downes# which found that a lack of entertainment or leisure activities increased the chances of young men committing crime. If we consider Len Wades behaviour from a self-control theory perspective, it becomes apparent that his drug use stems from a need for instant gratification which indicates a low self control. Furthermore, his crimes of burglary and assault show an impulsive attitude, and a lack of planning, which again indicate he has low self control. The use of drugs has been found in the Youth Lifestyles survey previously mentioned, to increase the likelihood of offending by five times for boys between the ages of 12 and 17. Also, the survey found associating with other drug users increases the risk that the individual will go back to using drugs. Len Wade himself tells us he committed crime only to fund his heroin addiction and indeed it seems that drug use is a major influencing factor in his problems. Len Wades lack of career or academic ambitions suggests both a lack of self control, according to Self-control theory, and a lack of involvement in conventional society, according to Social bonds theory. We do not know enough about whether Len Wade is still at school or has left after GCSEs. However, considering that he was using heroin at 13 and seems to have not been well supervised throughout his adolescence, it could be implied that he is not academically minded. He does not seem to have attempted to conform to society in having a job and thus again, a low level of self control is indicated. . The negative attitude displayed by Len Wade in looking for a job also reflects on his likely beliefs about the system and following rules. Indeed, whilst in prison, he was said to be abusive to staff which again shows a disrespect for authority, and according to social bond theory increases his inclination to commit crime. The main elements of social bond theory; attachment ,commitment, involvement and belief are all to a degree useful in explaining Len Wades behaviour. Attachment seems the most crucial influence, as he seems to have weak bonds with his parents, and a strong attachment to his peers, evidenced by his committing crime with them, and this has not, as the theory would suggest, weakened the chances of him offending but strengthened them. These peer influences on him are stronger than that of his parents or his school, thus although according to Social bond theory, his parents influence would usually overshadow that of his friends, in an environment with little support from his parents, his friends influence is more persuasive than that of his parents. From a commitment perspective, his lack of employment or social activities which do not involve drugs indicates that he is not investing his time or energy into society. Furthermore, he is not involved in conventional activities and may find social status amongst his friends rather than from conventional society. Thus, his standing with them increases when he acts in an illegal way, indeed, this situation could be described as a sub-society or quasi culture in which he has become involved and these behaviours have become the norm. Further, from his time in prison and problems with his mother, it can be inferred that his belief system does not give much value to conventional rules and the importance of obeying them. Thus, whilst Social Bond theory goes some way to explaining Len Wades behaviour, it fails to address the real cause of the problem which is his heroin addiction. Social Bond theory can explain why he may have developed such an addiction but in order for him to stop offending, he needs to stop taking drugs and associating with friends who do so. Self control theory also can explain his behaviour in that his lack of self control is illustrated by heavy drug use and the opportunistic impulsive nature of his crimes. The attention which he lacked growing up may also have caused him to behave in a way that confirms an idea of self control theory; children who have not recieved enough parental care grow to have lower self control. However, self control theory, again cannot fully explain his behaviour; it seems almost circular reasoning to say that because he has low self control he takes drugs which he then becomes addicted to due to his low self control. Indeed, self control theory cannot explain fully why Len Wade feels he needs to prove himself to his friends or his lack of interest in his future. In conclusion, although both Self control theory and Social Bond theory by Travis Hirschi can be used to explain Len Wade’s behaviour, neither do so completely and there are limitations in both arguments. Indeed they could be said to be ipse dixit in nature as they are not fully supported by empirical study. Other studies offer correlational support for the fact that his family life was conflicted which led to him committing crimes and his lack of ambition which could also be said to contribute to his behaviour. The main influence on Len Wade’s criminality seems to be his addiction to drugs, and if he continues to socialise with the same people it seems unlikely that he will ever become free of this addiction. He claims that his need for money for drugs has fuelled his crimes and so it could be said that without this addiction he may not have committed so many. Hirschi’s theories seem most useful in explaining why Len Wade was in a situation in which he could become addicted to drugs, and do not address the reasoning behind his crimes fully. Indeed, it seems overly simplistic to claim that lack of social bonds alone caused Len Wade to commit the burglaries, when other factors such as addiction and lack of money seem more relevant. Overall, it would seem that it is not an inherent part of Len Wade’s personality to commit crime but situational factors which influenced him to do so. Bibliography â€Å"Social Bond Theory† Travis Hirschi â€Å"Self Control Theory† Travis Hirschi Stern and Smith, 1997 study Downes study, 1966 Disrupted Families and Delinquency (Juby and Farrington 2001 BJ Crim 41, 22-40). Kolbo et al, 1996 Youth Crime, Findings from Youth Lifestyle Survey, Home office research study 209 Young People and Crime J graham and B Bowling 1995 Home office research study. West and Farrington 1973, 57 The Oxford Handbook of Criminology, Third Edition Mike Maguire, Rod Morgan, Robert Reiner An introduction to Criminological Theory, Second Edition Roger Hopkins Burkes Criminology Michael Doherty Research Papers on Len Wade's Behaviour - Criminal JusticeThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoThree Concepts of PsychodynamicThe Project Managment Office SystemBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in Capital

Common Mistakes E.g. vs. I.e. - Proofread My Paper

Common Mistakes E.g. vs. I.e. - Proofread My Paper Common Mistakes: E.g. vs. I.e. Many people treat â€Å"e.g.† and â€Å"i.e.† as interchangeable, recklessly overlooking that they’re in fact abbreviations of completely different Latin terms. You should therefore try to avoid confusing them, especially in academic or other formal writing, where even minor errors can leave a poor impression on your reader. This post looks at what â€Å"e.g.† and â€Å"i.e.† actually mean, as well as how to use them in your work. â€Å"E.g.† (exempli gratia) The abbreviation â€Å"e.g.† stands for â€Å"exempli gratia,† which literally translates as â€Å"for the sake of example† or simply â€Å"for example.† As this might suggest, we use â€Å"e.g.† when introducing an example: I am a big fan of fruit: e.g., apples, bananas and pears. There are many forms of popular music (e.g., pop, rock, soul and hip-hop). Moreover, â€Å"e.g.† is only used to introduce one or more examples of something, not a complete list of everything that falls within the category. â€Å"I.e.† (id est) The term â€Å"i.e.† is an abbreviation of the phrase â€Å"id est,† meaning â€Å"that is,† another way of saying â€Å"in other words.† As such, we should only use â€Å"i.e.† to introduce an explanation or clarification of something (not an example): I have a terrible migraine: i.e., a very severe headache. Here, the information following â€Å"i.e.† is a clarification of what a â€Å"terrible migraine† is. As well as providing additional detail, â€Å"i.e.† can also be used to explicate the members of a group or category: The Three Stooges (i.e., Moe, Larry and Curly) were most popular in the mid-twentieth century. This differs from using â€Å"e.g.† at the start of a list, as the idea is to identify all members of the group, not to introduce an example. â€Å"E.g.† or â€Å"i.e.†? Hopefully, now that you know what these abbreviations mean, you’ll have a clearer idea of how to use them. However, if you’re still unsure, heres a rule of thumb to help: E.g. starts with an â€Å"e† just like â€Å"example,† so â€Å"e.g.â€Å" is used when introducing an example I.e. starts with an â€Å"i† just like â€Å"in other words,† so â€Å"i.e.† is used when introducing a clarification