Tax Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Tax Planning - Essay Example Tax avoidance is the process of planning business transactions in a manner that legally minimizes the amount of taxes due. The four maxims of tax planning are built around the premises of helping businesses work around tax liabilities. 1) Businesses turn over profits to entities that fall within lower tax rates. Reducing tax liabilities can be accomplished through both shifting income to lower-tax rate entities and shifting deductions to higher-tax rate entities. 2) Shift taxable income to a later time period as, in present value terms, tax costs decrease and cash flows increase when the liability is deferred to a later taxable year. This should be done taking into consideration the opportunity costs involved due to shifting income to another year as well as the possibility of tax rate changes in the following year. 3) Due to the differences in state and country laws, it is possible to gain tax advantage by shifting income to a lower-rate tax jurisdiction. This opens up planning oppo rtunities of tax planning for companies which have global presence. 4) By shifting income from business activities to more tax-favored instruments like government bonds, companies can take advantage of preferential tax rates. Businesses, therefore, arrange transactions in such a way that income is shifted to heads which are subject to preferential tax rates. Tax planning thus requires the researcher to consider all fields of income generation and the entity, jurisdiction, time and character of income. An important aspect of tax planning is tax research. Tax research is required to determine the tax consequences of a transaction, either before or after the transaction is done. In case of a closed-fact transaction, the facts surrounding the transaction are recorded and hence, can no longer be subject to the client's control. Conversely, an open-fact transaction is one which the business is proposing to undertake and hence is subject to the client's control. In such cases, a tax adviser can help create facts to support the transaction that will help them influence the tax consequences of that transaction. The role of the tax researcher is to determine the optimal business decisions that its client firm should make, as they relate to tax. When the tax consequences for a firm differ among decision alternatives, tax researchers help to identify the most optimal course of action for management to make in order to maximize their after-tax income. Tax research is a six step process that encompasses all activities required by a researcher to understand the transaction and gather data to support it. The first step involves a thorough understanding of the business transaction and the facts surrounding it. It is important for a tax researcher to acquaint himself with the non-tax features of the transaction before moving onto the tax implications. Once the researcher is done analyzing the non-tax features of the transaction; he moves onto the second step, which is identifying the tax issues suggested by the transaction. The identification of issues lead to formulation of tax research questions. The third step involves the most important component of tax research, which is locating the relevant authority to

Humanities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

Humanities - Essay Example He tried to change the culture of Egypt by making the sun god, Aten, the most important of all. This also was a political move that gave him more power and pushed aside the priests of other gods. He was bold in his change of religious policies, and also broke tradition by moving the Egyptian capital to a new city. However, he was not popular enough to leave a legacy, and his changes did not last. Unlike Gilgamesh and Alexander, Akhenaten was not very representative of his people or time. Gilgamesh was a great king of the Mesopotamian kingdom of Uruk, who may have existed in reality as well as in legend. He was said to be part god and part man, and of course became a very popular figure among Mesopotamians, which lead to the survival of his story. Gilgamesh was unique for his position in myth and legend, and his character seems to be one that is less concerned with his society than with his own destiny. He goes of in search of adventure and finally in search of immortality. He did not make himself known for what he did in his kingdom like Alexander and Akhenaten, but instead was very individual. Like Alexander, however, he was seen as something of a godly figure. Finally, Alexander the Great was a prince of Macedonian descent who was full of ambition and military genius. He is different from the others in that he was a successful agent of change. He was significant for being regarded as a hero and a divine king like Gilgamesh, and in changing society, religions, governments, and cities like Akhenaten. Unlike Akhenaten, his changes had a lasting effect and the world was never able to change back, and overall Alexander was responsible for bringing about a new age in his unique role as a conquerer and reformer. These people were all strong cultural influences, in positive and negative ways. . As rulers, Alexander and Akhenaton both wielded much more political and military might. They were both similar in that they

Genesis And Causes Of Naxalism History Essay

Genesis And Causes Of Naxalism History Essay Genesis The origin of the Naxalite movement can be located in the contemporary global context of the 1960s. The Naxalite movement was a part of the contemporary, worldwide impulse among radicals to return to the roots of revolutionary idealism. The Naxal leaders drew inspiration from the Indian peasant uprisings of the18th and 19th centuries and the more modern organized armed peasants struggles led by Communists in Telengana in south India in the late 1940s. Naxalism is essentially an outcome of socio-economic problems, mal-administration, un-accountability, perceived injustice and is an end product of agrarian tensions. The contention of Naxalites is that the existing system is corrupt, rotten and can be destroyed by violence alone. Naxals feel that it is the landlords and the state administrators who keep violence on their agenda. Naxals feel justified to counter it by violence so as to achieve radical reforms.  [1]  The genesis of this movement is based on peasants movement and agrarian discontent.  [2]  The primary aim of the movement was to liberate the poor through land and social reforms. Although, the aim was a noble one, the method chosen to achieve it was completely misguided and unlawful. The Naxalite movement quickly veered away from its professed agenda of social justice and, today, various Naxalite factions are nothing more than tools at the disposal of external forces that want to create internal turmoil in India.  [3]   3. Naxalism grew from a tiny movement of Charu Mazumdar and Kanu Sanyal of village Naxalbari in the foothills of the Himalayas in Darjeeling district of West Bengal, carved out by him in 1967 after a split, from the ultra left sections of CPI (Marxists). Mazumdar greatly admired Mao Zedong and advocated that Indian peasants and lower classes must follow in his footsteps and overthrow the government and upper classes whom he held responsible for their plight. The movement, basically anti-landlord, acquired the nomenclature of CPI (Marxist- Leninist) in Nov 1967. A similar group, calling itself Marxist Communist Centre (MCC) was operating in the South. CPI (M) and MCC merged in 2004 and became CPI (Maoist), accepting Maoist doctrine of revolutionary agrarian war of seeking power through armed violence and surrounding the urban centres from the countryside. Their activities soon accounted for approximately 90% of revolutionary armed action in India. This brand of revolutionary activities came to be described broadly as Naxalism in recognition of the village Naxalbari from where the bugle of armed revolutionary agrarian revolt was first sounded.  [4]  Ã‚   4. Naxalism and its threat to the state have been growing steadily in the past forty years. Their ideology appeals to the deprived and downtrodden. They have a coherent organisation whose members are ready for sacrifice. They have visionary plans of seizing political power through armed violence. They display a robust will and determination of purpose.    Naxal Ideology 5. Naxalism is the ideology followed by Naxalites in India. It is based on the principles of Marxism, Leninism and Maoism. 6. The Marxist Communist Centre (MCC) is distinguished by its commitment to an earlier version of the Charu Mazumdar, which envisions protracted armed struggle. The MCCs philosophy revolves around two grounds. The first is that, within the country, a revolutionary mass struggle existed and the people were fully conscious and even prepared to take part in revolution immediately. The second was that militant struggles must be carried on, not for land, crops, or other immediate goals, but for the seizure of power. These assumptions are reflected in all their views, whether on organization, on strategy or on tactics. As a result, all efforts and attention is firmly focused on revolutionary activities to undermine the state and seize power. Though the Peoples War Group (PWG) also held a similar view till the early 1980s, it has since shifted focus and established several political front organisations. The PWG gradually discarded its initial assessment of the peoples level of preparedness for an armed struggle, and consequently revised its strategy of immediate seizure of power. Though the armed struggle is not discarded, considerable differences emerged on the issue of the appropriate methodology. There is now increasing emphasis on the process of party building and the encouragement of mass political organizations. Their perspectives on strategy and tactics are also somewhat more nuanced, and there is an acknowledgement that the issues on which the struggle should be conducted necessarily depend on the level of peoples consciousness and the nature of problems faced by them.  [5]  . The PWG has remained unwavering in its ideological commitment to class annihilation, to capturing power through revolutionary warfare on the Maoist pattern, and in its rejection of Parliamentary democracy. This strategy entails building up of bases in rural and remote areas and transforming them, first, into guerrilla zones, and then into liberated zones, even as an area-wise seizure is consolidated, and cities are encircled. Within the theoretical constructs of its peoples war strategy, as well as the PWGs past practices, moreover, negotiations have been used as a tactic and opportunity for recovery, consolidation and expansion.  [6]   Causes for Growth of Naxalism 9. The region, over which the Naxalites have established their presence, is marked by widespread poverty, corruption, unemployment, lack of development, poor governance and an under-equipped police force. In many of these areas, the state machinery either does not exist or has a very limited existence. Naxalites fill the vacuum and exploit the poor performance of the institutions of governance on issues such as land rights, minimum wages, education and anti-corruption. In some areas they have assumed many of the tasks of the state and run a parallel administration.  [7]  The major causes for growth of naxalism are as follows:- Social Inequalities. Atrocities, subjugation, discriminatory treatment of dalits and lower caste peasants by the upper caste landlords continue to be very common in naxalite affected parts of the country. Economic Deprivation. There is extreme poverty and utter lack of economic development in many parts of the country. The landlords do not follow the stipulated minimum wage rule as laid down by the government. Infrastructure Inadequacies. The areas affected by the naxal movement are one of the richest in terms of natural resources. Even then, these areas have not seen any infrastructure development and continue to remain neglected by the authorities. Tribal and Forest Policies. The primitive methods of cultivation have left the tribal people economically fear behind in comparison with other peasants. The tribals have been denied their traditional means of livelihood and hence, their only means of survival has been taken away from them in the name of our forest policies. Inadequate Governance. It is a known fact that in many of these areas, there is no governance at all and the state and civil administrative infrastructure is virtually non-existent. Strategy 10. The Naxals follow the strategy of armed uprising and the theory of revolutionary base. From such revolutionary bases they would strategically be in a position to launch a frontal attack on the enemies of the peasantries and the backward classes. Having complete possession of the revolutionary bases, Naxalites would be launching attacks on large villages, and eventually, guerrilla attack upon cities. The aim of the above naxalite strategy was the annihilation of the landlords, moneylenders, police and its informers and those who would prevent them from establishing a strong hold over the villages.

Original Writing Essay -- Papers

Original Writing A crunch of pebbles as a perfectly crafted square of engineered metal falls to the beach. 5 figures crawl from their vessel onto a dreary beachhead. The rain beat down on a terrible Tuesday night. Silver, a man in his prime of physical fitness, shivered in the cold. Like lambs his men followed him intently, without question. In their minds, however, they were at home. With their wives and girlfriends, away from the war. Too many men have perished on this 2-mile stretch of coastline for man to contemplate, for a war that is yet to be understood. Since the last attempt at taking this beach, which was a major failure, there has been an armistice. Everything has been quiet, apart from the occasional fire drill inside the enemy's frontline campus. "Omaha Squad, state your position" Crackles Silvers radio equipment, breaking the deadly silence abruptly. In code, he makes his reply. Omaha Squad, led by Silver, was ordered to infiltrate the G25s communication tower to gather intelligence. Hi...

Michael Fullan and his Long-lasting Legacy

Michael Fullan is acknowledged as one of the leaders in teacher instruction and a major advocate of educational reform in the whole universe. He is an icon in the planetary academic community and holds esteemed places in honored educational establishments in Canada. The celebrated Fullan is a professor emeritus at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education at the University of Toronto and a physician of doctrine. He was dean of the module of instruction at the University of Toronto from 1988 to 2003. Fullan has been conferred honorary doctor's degrees from the University of Edinburgh, Scotland and from Nipissing University in Canada ( Prolonging Reform, 2005 ) . The pacemaker in primary plans of alteration in the school leading and plans for educational betterments is an writer of assorted publications on the topic of educational alteration. Michael Fullan is a fecund author. Some of his outstanding plants that have been given awards are The New Meaning of Educational Change, 3rd Edition, Leading in a Culture of Change, Change Forces: The Sequel, A Change Forces: Probing the Depths of Educational ReformA , and the What ‘s Deserving Fighting ForA series. His recent bestselling pieces are The Six Secrets of Change and Motion Leadership. His latest best sellers areA The Six Secrets of Change andA Motion Leadership. As an agent of alteration in the academic, Fullan has played a prima function as policy wise man, research worker and trainer on assorted undertakings in coaction with and for instructors ‘ associations, research and development organisations and international bureaus both in Canada and other states. He is at the nucleus of the group set abouting a four twelvemonth assessment of the National Literacy and Numeracy Strategy in England. Michael Fullan is called the reform designer of Ontario. He enjoys strong concern connexions which stand to derive straight from his reforms. All of the reforms place greater accent on raising literacy and numeracy results through targeted support, ageless instructor and chief retraining, intensifying intercessions and greater answerability for standardised trial public presentation. He runs Michael Fullan Enterprises Inc. and Leadership4Change, and he occupies a topographic point on the board of international advisers of Microsoft ‘s, Partners in Learning. ( Thompson, 2009 ) .The Need for ChangeFullan emphasizes that ‘effective school leaders are the cardinal to large-scale, sustainable instruction reform. For some clip, pedagogues have believed that principals must be instructional leaders if they are to be the effectual leaders needed for sustained invention. School capacity is the important variable impacting instructional quality and corresponding pupil accomplishmen t. At the bosom of school capacity are principals focused on the development of instructors ‘ cognition and accomplishments, professional community, plan coherency, and proficient resources ( Fullan, 2002 ) ‘ . As explained by Fullan, the load lies on the shoulders of the principals since they are chiefly responsible for originating and supervising the preparation of instructors so that the latter can be efficient and effectual conveyers of cognition to their pupils. Fink and Resnick suggest that school territory caputs should spearhead attempts to develop principals into instructional leaders who could accomplish a large-scale turnaround in literacy and numeracy. They described some nucleus schemes for developing the function of the principal as instructional leader, including five reciprocally reenforcing sets of strategic activities: nested larning communities, chief institutes, leading for direction, equal acquisition, and single coaching ( 2001, pp. 598-606 ) . The long-run function of principals, so, is to supply instructional leading for their instructors. With this trade name of headship, the instructors can be relied upon to transport out the basic duty of leaving to their several pupils the cognition that they deserve and need. Fullan adds, there is a demand for leaders who can make a cardinal transmutation in the acquisition civilizations of schools and of the instruction profession itself. The function of the principal as instructional leader is excessively narrow a construct to transport the weight of the sorts of reforms that will make the schools that we need for the hereafter. Like the concern leader, the principal of the hereafter, the cultural alteration principal, must be cognizant of the large image, that of a sophisticated conceptual mind who transforms the organisation through people and squads ( Fullan, 2001 ) . Similarly, ‘the other traits of a civilization alteration chief include the ability to attest a profound and thorough ethical rule. He or she must be a trendsetter and possess the adroitness to cover with the procedure of alteration and realizes that instruction is both an rational and moral profession. More significantly the civilization alteration principal should spot that constructing relationships and squads is the most hard accomplishment for both concern and instruction leaders ‘ . To be a successful leader of alteration, it is advisable to follow the statement that the distinguishable facet common to successful alteration is that relationships get better. Therefore, if relationships get better, schools develop. If relationships remain the same or acquire worse, land is lost. Therefore, leaders set up relationships with different people and groups. During hard times, emotional intelligence is imperative. Emotionally intelligent leaders are able to construct relationships because they are cognizant of their ain emotional make-up and are sensitive and animating to others ( Goleman, Boyatzis, & A ; McKee, 2002 ) . Indeed, sweeping alterations must happen in the instruction sector and when these alterations have been implemented, school decision makers, principals and instructors must see to it that these additions should be sustained and protected. As indicated by Fullen, the chief point is about a alteration in the civilization of schools and a alteration in the civilization of learning. ‘Reculturing is the chief work of leading, and it requires an implicit in conceptualisation of the cardinal elements that feed it. It is the context of the school and territory in which they work which means that principals have to be about as concerned about the success of other schools in the territory as they are about their ain schools. ‘Effective LeadershipIn his book, Leading for Change, Michael Fullan affirms that the more complex society gets, the more sophisticated leading must go. The eventuality theoretical account is intended to supply a model that will gestate leading as a developmental procedure that will take into history the dynamic and unstable context of the school by associating the most appropriate leading manner to the demands of the school. Fixing leaders to successfully work within a context of alteration and uncertainness is overriding. Guaranting that these leaders get the cognition and accomplishments necessary to utilize these assorted theoretical accounts is imperative ( Stewart, 2006 ) . Merely like corporate organisations, educational establishments depend on leading for continued being. They have to go learning organisations to digest all obstructions and win in their projects. Training and bring forthing effectual leaders in educational establishments can non be limited to instilling effectual traits in people. Organizations and schools should be developed to back up the corporate signifier of leading where persons feel safe, supported and free to believe and move creatively ( Stewart ) . The decisions of Arthur Levine about leading readying plans were non at all encouraging. The quality of most readying plans for instruction leaders ranges from insufficient to gross outing. The state ‘s educational disposal plans need to fix high quality principals and overseers, who can take schools and school territories through the profound alterations called for under province betterment programs. More than 40 per centum of principals and a higher per centum of overseers are expected to go forth their occupations over the following decennary which means that the state faces an pressing demand to educate big Numberss of extremely skilled decision makers ( Levine, 2005 ) . Ii is hence imperative that the province should work closer with school decision makers, principals and instructors to pass the system that does non look to work decently. Educational direction plans need more polish if merely to determine that top-quality instructors, who can execute satisfactorily, are produced in the old ages to come. In response to this predication of Levine is a discourse by Schmoker, ‘the sarcasm is merely excessively much.A Your school, labeled underperforming or an tantamount term, has to develop an betterment program. A Unfortunately, it is merely such betterment planning that presently accounts for a big portion of school failure. ThereA areA straightforward, proven means for bettering accomplishment in virtually any school scene. But school betterment planning, like its sister, school reform merelyA distracts us from the difficult work ofA bettering instruction ( 2003 ) . Possibly, a really relevant theory espoused by Michael Fullan is his recommendation that Change is needed to develop schools as learning communities. Collegiality provides the best get downing point in the procedure of instructor regeneration. Traveling or larning enriched ‘ schools are what he calls professional acquisition communities. Teaching demands to be seen as a collective instead than an single endeavor. This is the ground why it means it is easier to learn in some schools than others. Successful schools enforce, through moral duties, consistent criterions and they are more likely to swear and value others and inquire for and portion expertness. This is what makes such schools easier to learn, and larn to learn better in, than others. Teachers in such schools are less likely to uncritically conform to enforce thoughts. They have developed the capacity to self reflect, to analyze pupil public presentation and act on their ain apprehensions ( Fullan, 2001 ) . Fullan portions to the populace, six alleged messages about alteration which are extremely pertinent to the points being discussed in this treatise. To sum up Fullan ‘s arrows on alteration, ‘the first is people should happen significance in reform to bring forth the coveted impact ; 2nd, bing schemes will non acquire us to where we want to travel ; third, although short-run additions can be achieved by standards-based reform, it is lifelessly if the decision is that schools should make more of the same ; 4th, the acquisition organization/community is more than a cliche ; 5th, we need to see the corporate good ; and sixth, we have to larn to populate with alteration. With regard to leading, Fullan mentions the four facets of leading, doing a difference in the lives of pupils ; perpetrating to cut downing the spread between high and low performing artists within your school or territory ; lending to cut downing the spread in the larger environment ; and transforming the working ( or larning conditions ) of others so that growing, committedness, battle, and changeless spawning of leading in others are being fostered. Finally, Fullan interpolates that leaders at many degrees must be cultivated as people learn in context. An organisation can non flourish-at least, non for long-on the actions of the top leader entirely. Schools and territories need many leaders at many degrees. Learning in context helps bring forth such leaders. Further, for leaders to be able to cover with complex jobs, they need many old ages of experience and professional development on the occupation. To some extent, a school leader ‘s effectivity in making a civilization of sustained alteration will be determined by the leaders he or she leaves behind ( 2002 ) . It is besides important at this point to understand the six secrets of alteration that Fullan wrote approximately so as to assist in dissecting the elements of leading and alteration.Fullan ‘s Six Secrets of ChangeSecret figure one is Love your Employees every bit much as your clients. Secret figure two is Connect Peers with Purpose. Secret figure three is Capacity Judgment trumps Judgementalism. Secret Number Four is Learning is the Work. Secret Number Five is Transparency Rules. Secret Number Six is Systems Learn ( Fullan, 2008 ) . Possibly, one of the most indispensable secrets is figure three – capacity-building undeniably precedes the development of the shared efficaciousness of the major participants to obtain the needful amendments in instruction every bit good as acquisition. Fullan highlights the demand to develop the corporate effectivity of a group of the whole system to really acquire more reform in instruction and acquisition and pupil results.A The three parametric quantities are new accomplishments and competences ; resources, thoughts, stuffs and money ; and the 3rd is motive as a capacity. When people are motivated the capacity goes up to acquire something done ( 2008 ) .A Learning is the work is merely every bit of import. Professional acquisition is what goes on twenty-four hours after day.A The indicant Fullan considered was ‘the difference between the effectual administrations and the less than effectual 1s as they had civilizations where learning and larning for the grownups was a core portion of the mundane civilization ‘ . Transparency is besides every bit critical because there should ever be accessA to pattern, informations, consequence and accomplishments. Meanwhile, linking equals with intent is about focussed equal communicating and lifting above the top-down and bottom-up difference. Systems Learn, says Fullan and although this may be abstract, it should be interpreted as being done operationally. Leaderships have to be on the dance floor and the balcony at the same clip ( Heifitz and Linsky, 2002 ) . Systems learn when you get this tri-level support underway, surely within a school if you think of turnover of caputs, school caputs, the chief job with turnover is non turnover itself but discontinuity of good way. A So the issue about systems larning is how you get continuity of good way, constructing on it but still that grade of continuity ( Fullan, 2008 ) .A Steping into leading functions is worth the hazard when your ends extend beyond material addition or personal promotion. By doing the lives of people around you better, leading provides significance to life. If alterations are efficaciously put in topographic point, most likely, the necessary educational reforms will be realized. During the last 20 old ages, the value and impact of the educational reform motion has been cause for a batch of arguments. Many school practicians and research workers have asserted that one fact remains clear: the function of the school decision maker has increased in complexness. In order to run into the challenge of this leading crisis, leaders from all degrees in school territories will necessitate to concentrate on systemic alteration to heighten alteration capacity and sustainability. The clip has come to alter the context of school in an attempt to do the place more rewarding and exciting. The function of the principal is polar to systemic school alteration and pupil accomplishment. Fullan shows how moral leading can reinvent the principal-ship and convey about large-scale school betterment by disputing all who work in instruction to rethink the critical function of the principal as school leader in the current epoch of answerability ( Normore, 2004 ) . Fullan adds that in complex societies, bring forthing and prolonging a critical public school system is a tall order. There must be a really competent learning force. However, this can non be achieved without leaders supplying the counsel and way. The principals, hence, play a polar function ( 2003 ) .Concentrating on SolutionsIn his protagonisms, Fullan broached the idea that a systematic reply is needed to postulate with the issues on the betterment of school leading. He proposes a tri-level solution that focuses on entire system transmutation through the witting, deliberate, brooding actions of the province in tri-level capacity edifice within a model of answerability. The school/community is the first of these degrees ; the territory or part is the mid degree ; and the province or policy degree is the 3rd. While the school/community and the district/region are making their several duties, the province has to demo the manner because system transmutation will non come about if the former fails to carry through its primary function. Government or province functionaries must plunge themselves in the cognition base about alteration, capacity-building within a model of answerability and as a consequence, start to believe otherwise. They have to move otherwise with regard to whom they appoint as leaders around them, what policies and schemes they formulate, and how they focus and enhance resources. Last, the province must radically redefine its relationship with the other two degrees by being more transparent, more involved, patterning and taking capacity edifice at their ain degree, and assisting to take and ease co-determined solutions across the other two degrees ( Fullan, 2005 ) . Large graduated table reforms will non work efficaciously. It should be a well-organize tri-level reform wherein all those who are involved monitor developments and larning from their experiences as they go along.Analyzing the Views of Michael FullanThe diverse and edifying academic point of views of Michael Fullan on school reform, school leading and instructor instruction have produced legion leads for much-needed reforms in the educational system of many establishments and caused the transmutation of the instruction profession. I to the full agree with Michael Fullan that the learning profession should be re-cultured or re-created. After all, his credibleness, expertness, academic and professional accomplishments every bit good as experience can non be doubted. As Fullan competently described, ‘the learning profession still has to come of age. This new professionalism should be collaborative and non independent. It must be unfastened instead than closed, outward looking instead than insular, and important but non commanding. More than anything else, the new professionalism will do immense demands on instructors ‘ ain acquisition to larn about: acquisition manners, multiple intelligences, how to incorporate engineering ; how to interact with grownups ‘out there ‘ and how to acquire more support for their instruction ‘ . The major points that Fullan raised about school leading are deserving sing and following for they are non merely phenomenal. His thoughts are really practical and can easy adaptable provided that a co-ordinated and uninterrupted coaction between the province, school leaders and instructors is formed. Finally, the new and yet sturdy mode in covering with the larning procedure wherein the single head blends with the corporate heads should be followed for merely through this system can alter be attained. There must be an merger of expertness and thoughts to convey about additions and educational transmutation in the old ages to come. There can be no other better description than the one given by the adult male they call the Agent of Change.A ‘Imposed constructions and criterions will ne'er by themselves be able to derive teacher committedness and inventiveness, but every bit, school left entirely will either be unable to portion effectual thoughts or go stray. A delicate balance of top down and bottom up reform will be required but to win single school must non merely experience that they are in control of their ain development but besides feel portion of a bigger society transformational motion something that is deserving contending for! ‘ 3004 Wordss

Concept of ethical relativism Essay

Ethical relativism is the theory that there are no universalized moral standards to apply to all people all the time. The relativity of ethics refers to the ethics may be different in different societies. The same situation and behavior may be morally acceptable in one society but morally unacceptable in another. However, this theory is rejected by most ethicists. First of all, some claim that while the moral practices of societies may differ, the fundamental moral principles do not. Different nations, even the same nation in different times, often pursue different or even inverse ethics. However, the differences can only explain that moral has diversity but cannot deny that moral is universal and general. There is no doubt that ethics such as fairness, honest and self-esteem are applicable and essential to all societies at any time which is ignored by ethical relativism. Furthermore, ethical relativism promotes social inner conformity and causes no room for moral reform or improvement in a society. In addition, members of the same society may hold different views on practices. When the whole society lack of common agreement on certain issues, it’s really hard to declare which is the right behavior. When cross-cultural communication, ethical relativism may provide support for individualism and cause a situation that different social groups only focus on themselves so that go against the agreement with each other. History development is introduced Ethical relativism encompasses views and arguments that people in various cultures have held over several thousand years. For example, the ancient Jaina Anekantavada principle of Mahavira (c. 599 – 527 BC) states that truth and reality are perceived differently from diverse points of view, and that no single point of view is the complete truth; and the Greek philosopher Protagoras (c. 481 – 420 BC) famously asserted that â€Å"man is the measure of all things†. The Greek historian Herodotus (c. 484 – 420 BC) observed that each society regards its own belief system and way of doing things as better than all others. Various other ancient philosophers also questioned the idea of an objective standard of morality. In the early modern era Baruch Spinoza (1632–1677) notably held that nothing is inherently good or evil. The 18th-century Enlightenment philosopher David Hume (1711–1776) serves in several important respects as the father both of modern emotivism and of moral relativism, though Hume himself did not espouse relativism. He distinguished between matters of fact and matters of value, and suggested that moral judgments consist of the latter, for they do not deal with verifiable facts obtained in the world, but only with our sentiments and passions. But Hume regarded some of our sentiments as universal. He famously denied that morality has any objective standard, and suggested that the universe remains indifferent to our preferences and our troubles. The levels and types of western ethical relativism. Ethical relativism is an important inclination of thinking. It has many levels and types. Its causes are also very complicated. The experience lesson of western, ethical relativism in theoretical thinking may promote our research of ethics; it has both negative significance and positive significance in practice. Western Ethical Relativism is a completed social and ethical situation. From the development of western thinking, the performances of the Ethical relativism are various. The diversity of the western ethical Relativism can be analyzed from two aspects. First: he levels of western Ethical Relativism In general: The ethical relativism can be divided in three levels: t The ethical relativism in standard level believes that: the accuracy of ethical norm is relative. It doesn’t exist any ethic which is always right. The moral standard is right when in the areas people all think it is right. The ethical relativism in standard level is not always relative; the ethical principles may be relatively or absolutely. The ethical relativism in standard level means that the moral principles we obey in our life is not single, but numerous. The ethical relativism in hierarchy system means that the different ethical systems can explain the same social life in same degree. It advocate that the different or opposite ethical systems are morally. The ethical system that is always right and covers all of the society does not exist. The ethical relativism in principle level is always have the closely connection with the ethical relativism in hierarchy. We can hardly make a distinction between them. Second: The types of western ethical relativism. The ethical relativism can be divided in three types: The cultural ethical relativists believe that the different cultural systems need different moral. Different cultural has its own criterion of right or wrong, goodness or badness. We can’t use unique cultural criterion to judge the behavior of people in other culture. The cultural ethical relativism can be divided into three forms describe, standard and cognitive. The experiential ethical relativism advocates the variable and relative of the moral is not our concept, but the fact. It believes that the different people in different groups have different moral experiences, so the uses of moral principle and moral norm should be vary with each individual. Subjective ethical relativism advocate that the moral is only subjective cognizance of people, and it is also the result of expression of the personal attitude or emotion, psychological requirement. Ethical relativism of two kinds of basic theory form So far, people on the ethical relativism theory form are not form a unified opinion. In examining the many ethical relativism forms have basis, we according to the ethical relativism of the basis of the methodology of shall be classified, put it into culture ethical relativism and normative ethics relativism two basic theory form the theory. 1, culture ethical relativism Culture ethical relativism (also called the description relativism) is just a cultural relativism claims in the moral field expands. Its message is moral beliefs because of cultural different and different, the thesis is descriptive, namely to anthropology that special case study for the foundation. 2, the standard ethical relativism regulating the relativism also think that only a moral standard by group or individual when accept is only effective; The effectiveness of the standard limited to certain scope, and moral code itself also limit in a particular area, as most etiquette principles and customs limited to specific areas. The basic characteristics of the ethical relativism Any kind of ethical relativism theory, performance forms in theory has its own characteristic, however, from the overall opinion; all have the following three basic characteristics 1, separate the moral of universality and particularity dialectical unity 2, deny that moral; absolute and relative in dialectical unity 3, ignoring the moral subjectivity and objectivity in dialectical unity. The perverted moral values On the other hand, the moral, as dependent on and decided to part of the cultural organism, which will moral points, thought moral as materials is substantive, no existence people from the common features, human relationship, and people in the moral existence, validity and value shows the subjectivity of the out side. 2? Moral value of the lost Ethical relativism moral existence and value will be to strengthen the relativity of extreme, and creativity are intentionally or unintentionally covered, forgotten and cancelled, this actually means that people is the starting point of the moral value purpose and end-result forgotten and cancel, 3? Moral principles using the dislocation First, the moral are reality wrong. Second, ignore the moral convergence. Third, application strategies are machinery. The Limitations and Enlightenment about Ethical relativism Theory limitations have two main areas: (1) ethical relativism partition the moral of universality and particularity. (2) It denied the unification of the moral subjectivity and objectivity. (3) Ethical relativism misunderstood the relationship between the moral diversity and moral unity. The limitations of the practical level: Ethical relativism can lead to the moral crisis in society practice of moral life. Different people, different regions, different countries, different culture and different social form have different moral each other. When these various different levels of social group interact with each other, they are unavoidable produce conflict. But it is undeniable that ethical relativism provides us with much beneficial enlightenment: Ethical relativism contributes to cultivate moral freedom of the individuals and groups. It can make us take an open, flexible attitude and contributes to people of the different ethnic groups, cultures and social systems are forming the atmosphere of mutual respect, mutual understanding and mutual tolerance. Ethical relativism deny the unity of subjectivity and objectivity of the moral From the point of view of philosophical epistemology, ethical relativism recognizes most of the subjectivity of morality denies the objectivity of morality; deny that morality is subjective and objective unity. Ancient Greece wise to send an outstanding representative of Protagoras that â€Å"man is the measure of all things,† the well-known proposition, it is deeply hidden affirmed the denial of moral objectivity and moral subjectivity. Socrates â€Å"Virtue is knowledge† proposition more knowledge as a moral standard, the nature and source of Socrates, knowledge is not derived from practical experience, but from human reason, rational but the unique subjective cognitive ability, therefore, Socrates’ ethical thinking its deep implication is undoubtedly fragmented subjectivity and objectivity of morality. Skeptics of ancient Greece in the philosophical level, the objective existence of things and its nature in doubt, from the theoretical logic of prefabricated or pre-ethical thinking relativism, subjectivism direction of development. Modern Rationalism philosophy advocates the universality and inevitability of knowledge does not come from external experience, but from the inherent rationality; Accordingly, the scope of the ethics, rational camp philosophers and ethicists advocates ethical guidelines and the moral principle of universality, necessity, and moral truth of the theory can not be obtained from the experience of moral life, but only from the rational, moral, rational or practical reason. As Rationalism prominent representatives of Immanuel Kant, deontological ethics reflect the significant nature of absolutism, but his ethics and provides us with a real practical guide for the contents of his ethics should be said that formalism, empty, empty form that contains the possibility of changing to keep the subjectivism and relativism. In short, Modern Empiricism and Rationalism ethicists whether morality comes down to experience, emotion or reason, these are all subjective things of the spirit of their original purpose of trying to construct a new social objective, universal moral system, the result is returned to the person’s subjective mental world; actually hope to establish the objectivity of the efforts by the subjectivity, not only fail to achieve their goals, but its subjectivity digestion objectivity. Different social form or cultural system have the requirement of different moral inevitably, and ethical is relative to the social or cultural system. Culture ethical relativism mostly connected with the study of anthropology or compared culture. Anthropologists are usually very suspect the possibility of founding common moral principle, because they have seen mostly the great differences of moral life practice of different nationalities, different regions and different social. Culture ethical relativism advocates â€Å"customs control everything†, â€Å"moral vision changed with the geography â€Å". Different cultures have their own standard about right or wrong and good and evil, so they cannot use a culture standard of right or wrong, good and evil to measure the behavior of people in another culture life, and can’t stand in the standpoint out of a culture (other cultural standpoint) to judge a culture. All social formation which belongs to different culture often has very different things which they agree or oppose in the moral. But in an internal social, most of the people in the social have the moral conscience— common of moral, which is the general knowledge about right and wrong in moral. In a broad sense, culture ethical relativism think the entire moral standard is just the reflection of social habits or social customs; it is means that the moral behavior is just the behavior which is recognized by habits in a specific cultural system. Ethic relativism comes from cultural differentiation and also protect the existence of different culture. For example, as to the popular topic of Western hegemonism. Since modern times, western society first come into capitalist market economy. The development of the market economy will be addressing different country and each nation into the process of integration of world economy. Along with the economic integration, the western countries in a dominant and control status in the aspect of world culture, to other country or nation of culture . Even the western country make penetration of the cultural or conduct hegemonism to other culture or nation. According to the theory of ethical relativism judgment, western culture, ethic standardization and concept of value are outcomes of the interaction and integration of family, social history, cultural, economic, political and other factors among western people. Although these western culture, ethic standardization and concept of value affecting other nation to some degree, western culture could not absolutely beyond boundary to replace local culture. Because every culture have right to exist and protect independence from others. Because ethical relativism support that every culture in the world is equal, we can protect our local culture from the aggression of western culture and hegemonism. Conclusion: Through the above analysis, although ethical relativism has certain limitation, but different society has different moral standards and moral beliefs, and every social moral belief are all deeply influence of the culture. Ethical relativism encourages us to explore it. This enables us to maintain a kind of open mind and not blindly rejects other ethical system or foreign culture. We still support the ethical relativism.

Key Constitutional Concepts Essay Example

Key Constitutional Concepts Essay Example Key Constitutional Concepts Essay Key Constitutional Concepts Essay Name: Course: Lecturer: Date: Key Constitutional Concepts (Robe Imbriano, 2007, 60 min) â€Å"Key Constitutional Concepts† is a film meant to enlighten people about the constitution. The film is in three parts, each taking 20 minutes. The first part introduces the constitution, and how it came about as well as why it was created. The second part is about rights of people, which describes the rights of an individual to a lawyer in a trial, using the supreme case of Gideon v. Wainwright. The third examines separating of power using the case of Youngstown Sheet Tube Co v. Sawyer. The film uses narration by several experts in law explaining each concept of the constitution represented in the film. This does drive the point home, which is making the viewer get a better understanding of the constitution. Before the constitution was made, countries were ruled by rulers, who very well knew that it required soldiers to maintain order. A government that would be run by people was known never to work. However, the creators of the constitution believed that a constitution would be best. They believed that written down rules would be best to would allow people to disagree, but accept the outcome of the constitution. Before the constitution, the ruler’s words were law, and America was under the colony of the English who taxed them heavily. The state leaders come in to make a constitution that would be used by all the united states. However, in order to prevent one person from having so much power, the rules had to be made, those that would be followed by the rulers. This is the focus on the first part of the film, where the law experts explain each and every concept the creators of the constitution had in mind. The second part of the film comes in to explain how the right to an attorney came about in America for everybody after a poor man is taken to court accused of stealing change from a vending machine. The poor man had no money to pay a lawyer, but felt all along that it was unfair that the court did not appoint him an attorney to represent him except the representation of the council. This case illustrates the impact a case can have on the whole constitution through the judicial proceedings. During this time, the sixth amendment did provide a right to counsel but did not provide for those who could not afford it. In this part, the film explains the circumstances that led to the provision of an attorney for every body despite their economic background. The film through the decision of the court that the defendant was not facing a capital punishment case, explains that right to an attorney for poor people depended on the nature of the case. After conviction, he appealed to the supreme co urt, and was allowed the right to an attorney who represented the case batter and found not guilty. However, this was after three years in jail. This went on to become a law in the constitution. This again is well explained through the demonstration of the case proceedings that aired on television. Finally, the film’s lat part comes in to explain how powers of the president came to be separated to ensure the president did not do anything out of his power. This case laid the basis upon which separation of powers to make decisions during external conflict would be made within the government. This separated the roles of executive, judiciary and the legislature. During this time, America was at war with Korea, and the steel industry was about to go on strike. The president, Mr. Truman, went ahead to seize all the steel mills in united states to stop workers from striking. This way, supply of ammunitions for the soldiers would continue since steel played an important role. The steel industry complained about the president going above his powers and sought injunction in the court. It is through this case that the supreme court had to define the powers of the president to determine whether the president had acted beyond his powers, which was found to be so. The film uses demons trations of some of the clips taken during this period to explain the separation of the powers between the three arms, where the president would not engage in war without the approval of the congress, while the congress would not make a law if the president does not sign. With such interdependence, the president would not cross his powers.

Comput Viruses essays

Comput Viruses essays The quote The only truly secure system is one that is powered off, cast in a lead-lined room with armed guards and even then I have my doubts.(E.H. Spafford) of this report will explain how computer viruses have affected on society and the security of personal computers. There literally hundreds of viruses circulating for personal computers and many anti-viral packages that claim to remove the code from your computer. Some viruses are polymorphic; that is, they change with each infection in an attempt to avoid detection by anti-virus programs. As quickly as someone writes an anti-virus program, someone else writes a new virus that hides more successfully than in the past. Do to the harshness of some viruses; people have devised methods of detecting and removing them. The anti-viral programs will scan the entire hard drive looking for evidence that viruses may have infected it. These programs must be told very specifically what to look for on the hard drive. There are two main methods of detecting viruses on a computer. The first is to compare all of the viruses on the hard disk to known types of viruses. While this method is very accurate, it can be made totally useless when dealing with a new and previously unknown virus. The other method is the way in which a common cloning virus adapts. All that a cloning virus really does is look at what operations the computer is executing and reacts and adapts to them by making more copies of it. This is the serious mistake with cloning viruses: all the copies of itself look the same. Basically all data in a computer is stored in a byte structure format. These bytes, which are similar to symbols, occur in spec ific orders and lengths. Each of the cloned viruses has the same order and length of the byte structure. All that the anti-virus program has to do is scan the hard drive for byte structures that are duplicated several times and delete them. ...

Career planning incorporates is long and short term goals

Career planning incorporates is long and short term goals The perfect career is not a standard of living .it’s a state of mind and state of being. In the perfect job I’m applying the talent I enjoy most to an interest I’m passionate about in an environment that fits who you are and what you value. With the rapidly changing world of work. It can be difficult to make specific career plans for the near future. Let alone for the rest of your life. Key concepts The first step in career planning is self-assessment Proper preparation is necessary for a career Setting goals/ objectives is a critical element in choosing a career path Making a career choice requires making major decisions Career planning incorporates is long term & short term career goals Long term career planning Short term career planning My knowledge, skills, values and interests Identify which new knowledge and skills I want to improve Research career opportunities Formulate a careers action plan with contingencies Up to 6 years ahead From 6 to 10 years ahea d Check the careers action plan for realism My career plan As a accounting student my personal career plan target is an finance director as my first brother who working at augentius fund administration LLP as finance associate director He is my role model. Since I was 7 years old, I started to keep expenses records with my pocket money. I have a greater opportunity to develop my career. Because two of my brothers in accounting field. Prospective career path Currently I’m doing BABS and ACCA as well after my degree it could be help to my plan to do internships in a companies which are focused on the financial sectors . Now a days a lot of opportunities for accounting field. It gives me satisfaction I have potential growth in my career. Five smart objectives I will finish my ACCA qualification within twoà Ã… ¡ years after my London school of commerce BABS graduation on self study basis Improve my English skill to excellent level in written and spoken Expand my networking thro ugh adding valuable business contacts through attend meeting, exhibition, seminars Role of the Accounting/ Financial Having noted the expanded number of tasks now undertaken by the modern financial function it is important to also note how the role of the accounting staff has changed in relation to the rest of the company. Knowing where you stand today is a necessary preside to contemplating where you might be in the future. The understanding of a company’s overall performance and its current financial standing is the key for any planning activities. The finance of the company will help to find out that information .a particular important area in which the role of the accountant has changed is related to processes. The most historically important role that the accounting staff must change is that of being a brake on other activities. The accounting staff tends to shoot down changes proposed by other department the changes will interfere with the controls. In today increasingl y competitive environment, it is very important for companies to develop strong relationships with their key suppliers and customer. These business partners will demand extra services, some of which must be fulfilled by the accounting staff. With the globalization of business, competition has become more intense. It is possible that the ethical foundations to which a company adheres have deteriorated in the face of this pressure.

Letter to parliament Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Letter to parliament - Essay Example This however does mean its policies are perfect in regard to meeting social needs. This discussion focuses on the various ways by, which United States’ social and Health policy has been ineffective the Comparing it with Canadian Social and Health Policy. It suggests ways through which its standards can be raised to favour the entire society. Recommendation are thereby given and conclusion as to introduction of new policies into the industry to facilitative it efficient and smooth running while reducing costs are highlighted. Background Understanding Canada's Medicare Debate Medicare including social care in Canada is a success story. Not to the perfection, but good enough to be admired by better part of the world. Canadians therefore receive high standard healthcare whenever they need it as there are no financial constrains or any other obstacles, therefore they take the care for granted. In comparison with everything that happens in USA, they get surprised yet pleased to real ize they have a well-designed health program that delivers better results and care, to a huge population, and a considerably lower cost than in the USA. Faced with these realities, media and policy makers have come up with a predictable conclusion: Canadian healthcare is in a deep crisis, probably in deathbed. Collapse of health sector has been predicted and urgent overhaul is needed to bring it back to track. High care debate has become a philosophical battle ground, in which predetermined economic and political assumptions are more evidential and where tale is received as a fact. Considerations Out of Control Costs Reality: Health care expenses are under very tight control, to a point where spending in a pubic funded health facility isn’t keen on keeping track with the population growth rate. Being a percentage of Gross National Product, spending on health care has leveled at approximately 9%.Healthcare became national program in 1971, when the proportion of GNP rose to 9 % from 7.5%.This rising share going to health care in 1980’s was not as a result of spiraling costs but due to shrinking economy and started at the introduction of free trade agreements .If the GNP did not slump then, the spending on healthcare would still be at 7% just like they did in 1971. While discussing costs on healthcare, it’s crucial to put on mind that spending on health in public sector accounts for 72%.The costs are rapidly growing in private sector unlike the public sector e.g. dental services and drugs. Instituting user fees and abolishing free system Reality: It’s illogical to say that if costs are too high, the solution is to further raise them. To the contrary user fees do not reducing rather it increases costs. Premium insurance, taxes or user fees the money is dug from the same pocket. The actual advantage to the advocates of user fees is that they discourage the poor from seeking the medical care. Ones the poor is denied care, the rich can the n avoid assisting to cater for their care. In 1970’s under the Liberals, Saskatchewan introduced the fee which saw the poor shy ff from seeking the care, physician visits by the poor decreased by 18%.Inspite of this, the overall costs rose, due to changes in mix services and utilization patterns. Actually the doctors maintained their salaries by encouraging the high income patients to make more visits and take more tests. At the end of it, more was being spent while providing care to fewer people. Health care Cost

General and Unitised Cargoes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

General and Unitised Cargoes - Essay Example In the other hand a good cargo service coupled with cost effective methods would redound to better business performance. Better cargo handling and stowage can only be achieved with good planning and better execution of plans. To be most successful in designing a cost effective cargo and stowage plan requires basic information crucial in the performance of cargo ships. These include data as to the ships capacity and the storage area's physical parameters. The ships capacity covers both volume and the weight of the total cargo which is an initial input to better planning. Another is the cargo itself. The cargo type including its physical conditions, forms, and other parameters are an important factor in determining storage location and handling methods. The ports of origin and destinations must also be evaluated. The data on ports conditions including availability of basic or sophisticated facilities for cargo handling and regulatory policies must be properly considered. Finally, the ships cargo history from port to port must also be analyzed for better planning. The cargo manager must take into conside ration what cargoes comes in and comes out in the ship from port to port including the types and volumes of these cargoes. Wilson and Roach (2000) clearly considers suitable placement of containers in a container-ship on a multi-port journey as a requirement to facilitate optimum ease in loading and unloading at subsequent ports. The Cargo Placement and Stowage Plan The aforementioned data combined together will be a very important tool in deciding what handling methods must be employed, where to place the cargoes, who must be involved, and how the stowing must be executed. Cargo placement In placing cargoes, the basic principle of what must come out first at destination port must comes in last at ports of origin must be considered. A carefully evaluated cargo listing will provide better cargo placement plan. Cargoes that must be unloaded in the nearest port must be located in areas where they can be moved without obstructions. Cargoes intended for last port of destination must be placed in more secure locations where they cannot obstruct loading and unloading at intermediary ports. Cargoes must also be placed according to physical and chemical compositions to avoid dangers of contaminations due to spillage and other accidents. Cargo managers today are more fortunate than earlier years due to availability of computerized systems of cargo placement planning. Simulation programs that generate good sub-optimal solutions to the stowage pre-planning problem are now available. The process is an analysis of the domain allowing the problem to be divided into a generalized placement strategy and a specialized placement procedure. The system refines the arrangement of containers within the cargo-space of a container ship until each container is specifically allocated to a stowage location. Better cargo placements is determined before it is really executed thereby providing room for better adjustment in a cost effective way (Wilson, Roach, & Ware, 2001). Use of these

Healthcare knowledge management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Healthcare knowledge management - Research Paper Example This paper is a critical analysis of a qualitative healthcare study titled, Healthcare Knowledge Management: The Art of the Possible by Syed Sibte Raza Abidi. It was published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg in 2008. Problem Statement Healthcare and the field of medicine are areas which are characterized by rich knowledge. However, this knowledge is often underutilized especially during times of care or need There is exponential growth, in the healthcare sector, in the understanding of diseases, procedures for  treatment  and measures of patient care.  On the other hand, this  significant  growth  has resulted in healthcare  knowledge  to  tend  to a flux because of the  generation  of new knowledge at a fast pace.  It is necessary to note that the utilization of this  knowledge  significantly impacts healthcare delivery, health outcomes and patient care. The ability of the clinical  personnel  or staff is also not congruent in the appropriate d issemination,  application  and  translation  of the healthcare  knowledge  that  is currently generated  in the clinical practice (Jackson, 2000). This form of knowledge is usually available in a different medium, but occurs in large volumes thus posing a challenge to the healthcare experts to be aware and  implement  the pertinent and  relevant  parts to the decisions of patient care. These decisions need to rely on the  most relevant,  appropriate  and  current  knowledge  available, and implement alongside the available  data  on point-of-care patient as well as in line with the therapeutic references of the patients. Recent studies have also proven that healthcare professionals have limited access and implementation of the current healthcare  knowledge, and this ultimately affects the most  sensitive  part  which is the optimal healthcare delivery to patients. Several surveys and studies have reported over 98,000 deaths of patient s each year due to preventable errors. Another study revealed that 11% patients admitted to hospitals experienced or encountered adverse events, 48% of the occurrences would  have been prevented  if the  right  and relevant  knowledge  is  applicable  (Bates et al, 2003). These evidences  show  the under utilization of the continuously generated healthcare  knowledge, which results to  wrong  clinical decisions, under utilization of resources, medical errors and high costs of healthcare delivery. Purpose and Research Questions Healthcare  knowledge  is  highly  critical in decision making, in clinical situations involving the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Implementation of this knowledge in the  correct  way ensures effective diagnostic decisions and  subsequent  working  therapeutic regimes. Decision making by clinical experts occurs in a cyclic  way  characterized by  application  of the healthcare  knowledge  in val idating the initial hypotheses, which meets the requirements of the final decision and deals with  potential  challenges (Montani  &  Bellazzi, 2002).  There is  dynamic  contextualization of the healthcare  knowledge  in interpreting the health status of a patient, and finding the right  treatment  interventions that suit each patient, in a  specific  situation  or clinical  condition.  The key to achieving such  successful  and  effective  decisions and treatment regimes is by making the  relevant, current and  correct  knowledge  available to  clinical  professionals in  line  to their  clinical  context. The author believes that the timely and effective use of such  knowledge  can  transform  the  potential  and  nature  of healthcare practices. This has the  sure  potential  of yielding  high  and quality levels of  team  care, patient care, patient centeredness, quality care, and cost eff ective healthcare (Bali &  Dwivedi, 2006). The aims of management of healthcare  knowledge  are to address the gaps in knowledge applicable to the system of healthcare,

Crime prevention Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Crime prevention - Essay Example Today in the world there is an increasing debate on the topic of firearms regulation. Different states in the United States of America have allowed people to carry their own weapons for self protection. This law was adopted first by the state of Florida and many people believed that this law would lead to disastrous effects.But it did not have a negative impact as many had thought and many states then followed in implementation of this law. It came to be realized with time that carrying firearms had a positive effect on the crime prevention. There are many reasons to this effect. The crime committers have a fear that they will be counter attacked hence this leads to a decrease in the crime rate. There is a second thought to this as well. People believe that this can lead to an increase in crimes because even normal people under pressure might be subject to committing crimes and due to the easy availability of weapons they would more easily be able to commit crimes. Carrying of firear ms thus has both effects. It increases the crime rate as well but it has a greater effect in decreasing the crime rate. People choose to carry weapons as a crime prevention method so as to increase their quality and standard of life. It provides them with security and it opens for them a path which makes them self dependant. They can themselves take care of their life and property and save themselves from different criminals. Carrying of firearms is very essential for people because at times when there is no police in sight and people need greater protection and safety these weapons are their sole helpers which provide them with a greater security where they can protect them by themselves. People also consider it important to keep firearms at their house because this helps them to guard themselves against robberies. Weapons to people act as tools and these laws which empower people to carry weapons actually help in decreasing crime rate. But then it has negative impact as well. Open allowance of carrying weapons can lead to deaths without any reason that is if the gun gets fired unintentionally this may lead to the death of the person himself or of others who are along with the person. But in the end it can be said that despite of the negative impact the carrying of firearms has it still has greater benefits and it is essential for one to carry weapons with him for self protection (Worsnop 1994). 2. Discuss the fundamental concepts of community crime prevention, providing specific examples of such programs. How did it arise Who participates and why Provide characteristics and demographics. Community Crime Prevention is a department of major concern to the authorities these days. Social Crime Prevention these days is handled by the authorities efficiently and professionally. New strategies are being implemented to involve the community towards the betterment of the criminal activities in the society. This involvement of the community can not only help the individuals living in the community to realize their duty but also help to decrease the rate of criminal activities occurring in a certain area. Different strategies formulated by the authorities urge the communities to work towards the betterment of the society. The community plays a major role in limiting the criminal activities in the area. The community works in cohesion with the authority to avoid the crimes. The authority gives specific instructions to the community members which are to be followed by them to lessen the criminal activities. These instructions include the installation of Closed Circuit Televisio n Cameras, the structure in which the house is built and the cohesion of the community. The community acts together to improve the situation in a society. It acts to

Haematology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Haematology - Essay Example The subsequent decrease and increases in the blood components and processes as given by the test would have resulted to the illness condition of the patient. The patient reacted to several tests that can be explained as: the test of RBCs which denotes the Red Blood cells found that it existed at a ratio of 2.82x1012/L; this meant that the volume of Red Blood cells per liter of blood was lower than the expected and normal range for a normal individual at 3.8-5.8x1012/L. This meant that the volume of RBCs in the patient blood was already reduced by a certain percentage below the norm. This can be attributed to a reduced ability of the bone marrow to produce the Red Blood Cells. The inability of Red Blood Cell production by the bone marrow can be assumed to have resulted from the effects of cancer (Korde, et al., 2011). The normal hemoglobin mass in each deciliter of blood should be at 11.5-16.5g/dl but the test on the patient blood test revealed a lower level of 7.6g/dl thereby showing a reduced mass of hemoglobin that gives the blood its color. The concentration is below the normal range thus depicting that this patient was suffering from anemia. The HCT test revealed a lower volume in relation to the blood volume at 0.239L/L down from the normal level at 0.37-0.47L/L.This reduction would lead to an individual contracting a disease under such conditions. The MCV test gave a result of 84fL which is a visible drop from the normal expected range in normal individuals at 80-96fL. The MCH test also showed a drop from 27-32pg to 26.9pg which would have caused discomfort in the individual. MCHC test gave a result of 31.8g/dl which was different from the normal range lying at 32-36g/dl (University of Massachusetts Amherst, 2009). The patient before undergoing laboratory examinations was appearing fatigued, weight loss and increasingly severe back pains. Fatigue in the patient must have resulted from her condition of having less hemoglobin or rather low hemoglobin conten t in the blood cells. Hemoglobin is obviously responsible for the transport of oxygen in the blood keeping the body and cells fresh and active. Low levels of hemoglobin will therefore mean that the blood circulated within the body will be carrying less oxygen in it, active body muscles are then become deprived of sufficient oxygen for respiration and low energy supply to the cells resulting to fatigue and extreme tiredness. The low volumes of red blood cells in the body blood also result to tiredness (Hematology, 2009). The pale appearance was a result of low hemoglobin level in the blood. This condition might have resulted from iron deficiency since iron is responsible for the production of hemoglobin, which can also be linked to situations of inability of the body to absorb certain vitamins which help in hemoglobin production. The patient began treatment with a therapy of melphalan and thalidomide together with radiotherapy support for bone pain. This is a combined treatment that has largely been used in patients diagnosed with myeloma. Myeloma is also known as hematologic cancer which in other words refers to the cancer of blood and represents about 1% of all cancers in the white individuals and 2% of all cancers in black individuals. Myeloma has been greatly linked to the reduction in immune systems though no imminent cause has been identified to date and those susceptible to the disease are the aging

Healthcare knowledge management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Healthcare knowledge management - Research Paper Example This paper is a critical analysis of a qualitative healthcare study titled, Healthcare Knowledge Management: The Art of the Possible by Syed Sibte Raza Abidi. It was published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg in 2008. Problem Statement Healthcare and the field of medicine are areas which are characterized by rich knowledge. However, this knowledge is often underutilized especially during times of care or need There is exponential growth, in the healthcare sector, in the understanding of diseases, procedures for  treatment  and measures of patient care.  On the other hand, this  significant  growth  has resulted in healthcare  knowledge  to  tend  to a flux because of the  generation  of new knowledge at a fast pace.  It is necessary to note that the utilization of this  knowledge  significantly impacts healthcare delivery, health outcomes and patient care. The ability of the clinical  personnel  or staff is also not congruent in the appropriate d issemination,  application  and  translation  of the healthcare  knowledge  that  is currently generated  in the clinical practice (Jackson, 2000). This form of knowledge is usually available in a different medium, but occurs in large volumes thus posing a challenge to the healthcare experts to be aware and  implement  the pertinent and  relevant  parts to the decisions of patient care. These decisions need to rely on the  most relevant,  appropriate  and  current  knowledge  available, and implement alongside the available  data  on point-of-care patient as well as in line with the therapeutic references of the patients. Recent studies have also proven that healthcare professionals have limited access and implementation of the current healthcare  knowledge, and this ultimately affects the most  sensitive  part  which is the optimal healthcare delivery to patients. Several surveys and studies have reported over 98,000 deaths of patient s each year due to preventable errors. Another study revealed that 11% patients admitted to hospitals experienced or encountered adverse events, 48% of the occurrences would  have been prevented  if the  right  and relevant  knowledge  is  applicable  (Bates et al, 2003). These evidences  show  the under utilization of the continuously generated healthcare  knowledge, which results to  wrong  clinical decisions, under utilization of resources, medical errors and high costs of healthcare delivery. Purpose and Research Questions Healthcare  knowledge  is  highly  critical in decision making, in clinical situations involving the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Implementation of this knowledge in the  correct  way ensures effective diagnostic decisions and  subsequent  working  therapeutic regimes. Decision making by clinical experts occurs in a cyclic  way  characterized by  application  of the healthcare  knowledge  in val idating the initial hypotheses, which meets the requirements of the final decision and deals with  potential  challenges (Montani  &  Bellazzi, 2002).  There is  dynamic  contextualization of the healthcare  knowledge  in interpreting the health status of a patient, and finding the right  treatment  interventions that suit each patient, in a  specific  situation  or clinical  condition.  The key to achieving such  successful  and  effective  decisions and treatment regimes is by making the  relevant, current and  correct  knowledge  available to  clinical  professionals in  line  to their  clinical  context. The author believes that the timely and effective use of such  knowledge  can  transform  the  potential  and  nature  of healthcare practices. This has the  sure  potential  of yielding  high  and quality levels of  team  care, patient care, patient centeredness, quality care, and cost eff ective healthcare (Bali &  Dwivedi, 2006). The aims of management of healthcare  knowledge  are to address the gaps in knowledge applicable to the system of healthcare,

Haematology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Haematology - Essay Example The subsequent decrease and increases in the blood components and processes as given by the test would have resulted to the illness condition of the patient. The patient reacted to several tests that can be explained as: the test of RBCs which denotes the Red Blood cells found that it existed at a ratio of 2.82x1012/L; this meant that the volume of Red Blood cells per liter of blood was lower than the expected and normal range for a normal individual at 3.8-5.8x1012/L. This meant that the volume of RBCs in the patient blood was already reduced by a certain percentage below the norm. This can be attributed to a reduced ability of the bone marrow to produce the Red Blood Cells. The inability of Red Blood Cell production by the bone marrow can be assumed to have resulted from the effects of cancer (Korde, et al., 2011). The normal hemoglobin mass in each deciliter of blood should be at 11.5-16.5g/dl but the test on the patient blood test revealed a lower level of 7.6g/dl thereby showing a reduced mass of hemoglobin that gives the blood its color. The concentration is below the normal range thus depicting that this patient was suffering from anemia. The HCT test revealed a lower volume in relation to the blood volume at 0.239L/L down from the normal level at 0.37-0.47L/L.This reduction would lead to an individual contracting a disease under such conditions. The MCV test gave a result of 84fL which is a visible drop from the normal expected range in normal individuals at 80-96fL. The MCH test also showed a drop from 27-32pg to 26.9pg which would have caused discomfort in the individual. MCHC test gave a result of 31.8g/dl which was different from the normal range lying at 32-36g/dl (University of Massachusetts Amherst, 2009). The patient before undergoing laboratory examinations was appearing fatigued, weight loss and increasingly severe back pains. Fatigue in the patient must have resulted from her condition of having less hemoglobin or rather low hemoglobin conten t in the blood cells. Hemoglobin is obviously responsible for the transport of oxygen in the blood keeping the body and cells fresh and active. Low levels of hemoglobin will therefore mean that the blood circulated within the body will be carrying less oxygen in it, active body muscles are then become deprived of sufficient oxygen for respiration and low energy supply to the cells resulting to fatigue and extreme tiredness. The low volumes of red blood cells in the body blood also result to tiredness (Hematology, 2009). The pale appearance was a result of low hemoglobin level in the blood. This condition might have resulted from iron deficiency since iron is responsible for the production of hemoglobin, which can also be linked to situations of inability of the body to absorb certain vitamins which help in hemoglobin production. The patient began treatment with a therapy of melphalan and thalidomide together with radiotherapy support for bone pain. This is a combined treatment that has largely been used in patients diagnosed with myeloma. Myeloma is also known as hematologic cancer which in other words refers to the cancer of blood and represents about 1% of all cancers in the white individuals and 2% of all cancers in black individuals. Myeloma has been greatly linked to the reduction in immune systems though no imminent cause has been identified to date and those susceptible to the disease are the aging

Hoosiers Essay Example for Free

Hoosiers Essay ‘Hoosiers’ is a sports film made in 1986 about a basketball team of high school of a small town in Indiana. The film represents a time during 1952 when every high school in Indiana used to compete in one or the other state championships. The film is based on the new coach of the basketball team, Norman Dale who in fact has a past with a spot and has been out of the game for nearly more than a decade. The people in the town are adamant to fire him because they are not sure about the coach, not at all trust him and also dislike his coaching style. Despite all these opposing, Coach Dale sets himself focused and finally brings the whole team together and helps it to win the state championship and at the same time wins the heart of the people too. Coach Dale explains to the team members that it becomes necessary to apply different leadership styles in different situations. One of the styles that help the team members to unite and win the championship is authoritative style. Initially, in fact immediately in his first interaction with the team members, Coach Dale applies this style on them and asks Ray to keep out of the game just because he didn’t follow his instructions word by word. The movie is of course about a high school basketball team but it depicts that a person’s leadership and right directions can lead even a community and if one were focused on his goal, he would definitely achieve it. Authoritative style is, in fact, uniting the members of the team by focusing on a common goal that has to be achieved but here the members are to follow the instructions of their leader on the way of achieving the goal. But in this movie it was not only the leadership style but also lot of other characteristics of Coach Dale like his optimism, self-confidence, farsightedness, enthusiasm, toughness and of course motivation, that helped the team to win and follow his instructions. There are times when authoritative style of leadership seems to look like dictatorial or bossy but it best fits in situations when the leader has the best knowledge and experience as compared to other members of the team or when time limit is less for the group to take decisions. Authoritative style of leadership becomes important when the goal is common but the group members are not very sure about the ways to achieve it but the leader has a concrete idea, which if followed there is maximum chance of achieving the goal. The whole and sole responsibility lies on the leader’s shoulders and he or she must have the expertise and should possess all the basic and detailed information to handle the situation. In the movie, Coach Dale has his goal focused and applies this style of leadership most of the time because he has the self-confidence and farsightedness in him along with the experience of the game much more than the other members of the team. Initially his players don’t listen to him and two among them even walk away because they don’t trust him and to follow someone it is very important to have faith in his words. The movie focuses on the significance of determination and importance of right leadership in not only a basketball game but in life too. When it becomes difficult to  achieve the target in life and you have someone who has the confidence and expertise to guide you, you must follow him and trust him.

Self-handicapping Behavior with Decker and Mitchells Theory

Self-handicapping Behavior with Decker and Mitchells Theory Introduction As a part of initial few assignments, I took the series of self- handicapping survey suggested and designed by Prof. Phillip Decker and Prof. Jordan Mitchell to determine the self-handicapping behavior during general work situation, people management, and leadership role, and identified the traits and knowledge that I need to acquire, learn and practice to be a good team member and leader. But after reading through specific chapters based on identifying self-handicapping situation and behaviors relating to key managerial and leadership role such as accountability, tunnel vision, engagement, analysis and decision making; I have identified many more areas in my professional and personal life which I was practicing and was holding myself back, making excuses and creating obstacles for myself, about which I wasnt aware of. Some causes for handicapping are similar to the earlier findings of self assessment exercise like poor listening habit and low self esteem, and some of them I wasnt aw are of. I consider this as an opportunity or blessing in disguise, being an international student and moreover for a person planning a career shift, assessing my strengths and weakness, determining the behavioral aspects and personal approach techniques that handicap my progress honestly, at this point of time is very pivotal. Today as well, I find myself looking for excuses to this mentioned shift when I dont understand anything or I am unable to achieve the desired results and moreover create hurdles for myself which really affects my learning process adversely. So, during the course of this report I will be discussing my experiences and behaviors that I now recognize as self-handicapping my professional development and learning path with respect to most relevant and related key managerial areas; accountability, tunnel vision, engagement, analysis and decision making; devising a firm action plan to slowly and gradually incorporate a small, positive and permanent behavioral change in profes sional and personal lifestyle. Reading through the four book chapters, I took the brief self-assessment survey in the self-handicapping book by Dr. Phillip Decker and Dr. Jordan Mitchell to identify key management and leadership areas out of the four that I really need to focus on to bring around positive change in personal and professional approach following the recommendations and baby steps mentioned in the book. My Score Accountability 11 Tunnel Vision 15 Engagement 8 Analysis and Decision Making 7 Accountability At the start of the career, I was more focused on taking care of my responsibility and wasnt concerns about the accountability part or maybe at that time I didnt know the difference between being responsible and accountable in the true sense. It took me some time to learn the meaning of accountability through a fair share of good and bad experiences and bit of mentoring, now I understand that personal accountability is about understanding and accepting the task, taking actions to achieve agreed-upon results, answering and taking ownership of the results obtained, regardless of the outcome. In the book The Oz Principle: Getting Results Through Individual And Organizational Accountability authors Roger Connors and Tom Smith defined personal accountability as, making a personal choice to rise above ones circumstances and demonstrate the ownership necessary for achieving desired results; to see it, own it, solve it and do it. Based on the what they have mentioned and experienced, I infer that accountability is something you choose to demonstrate, it is not something that is consigned to you. Going through the chapter and relating to my professional experiences and management roles, I realized that I have been self-handicapping myself by not prioritize tasks based on the importance, avoiding accountability and in confronting peers, boss and customers at times, and most importantly due to lack of self esteem not taking difficult tasks and assignments which really dented my career progression and learning curve. In a group task or in a leadership role, I observe that at times I procrastinate and put stress on myself, teammates and subordinate. Also lacking to define the roles and task boundaries which tend to overlap and create confusions; moreover most of the times I find myself doing most of the correction works for my subordinates rather than managing resources which in the end, puts more pressure on me playing as the person who is responsible and accountable. The key skills that I need to work on in order to progress would be to reduce and eliminate the fear of accounta bility; plan, learn and improve self-efficacy. Personal Accountability Self-Handicap What is the Situation Triggers Impact on Others What to Do Specific Behavioral Plan of Action Timeline Assessment Lack of what/how question asking I avoid asking my senior/ boss regarding work related issues and try to find solutions by myself. Avoidance and Fear Due to lack of knowledge and self confidence, I procrastinate and put stress on my teammates. Also I try to find the answers to what I dont know myself or consult a peer and the resultant of the approach sometime works in the favor of the team and at times effects the task timelines. (Improve Self confidence, look, listen and learn new knowledge and skill sets) Start believing in my abilities by shifting locus of control internally, to enhance knowledge base and become more approachable. 1. Be assertive, come out of my comfort zone, reach out to people for knowledge and advice. 2. Take a honest self assessment of specifics management traits to identify the management traits where am I lacking, verify and validate the findings through third parties consultations such family, friends, peers and trustworthy seniors. 3. Find mentors and learn from their experience and knowledge. 4. Engage myself in constructive and supportive managerial/ leadership activities to increase self efficacy. 5. Take steps to create positive environment to promote free flowing ideas and exchange knowledge on management related subject matter. 6. Break-down the difficult tasks into smaller meaning parts, and as I gain confidence in achieving those goals and increase self-efficacy, aim at mastery completing complex, challenging and autonomous jobs. Mar-2017 Feb-Mar 2017 Feb- Apr 2017 Mar- 2017 Mar-2017 Feb-Apr 2017 Analysis my progress with respect to this particular dimension by noting how many times I went up to my boss for a question/ suggestion/ idea and the severity of impact of that on the task or project. Compare the findings with past results. Do a 360-degree feedback to verify and validate the applied behavioral changes. Take advice, rectify the approach if necessary and reassess. Personal Accountability Self-Handicap What is the Situation Triggers Impact on Others What to Do Specific Behavioral Plan of Action Timeline Assessment Rather just hide or do my old job Due to lack of knowledge on work related subject matter and conservative nature, I often dont participate voluntary or optional work related assignment for professional growth, like seminar training and during a business presentation or conference, I usually sit at the corner or at the end to avoid interaction and answering to a question. Expedient avoidance Due to my conservative nature, I have become really restrictive, I hesitate to share ideas or constructive dialogues with the team and likewise. At times feel left out in a group meeting. (Improve self- efficacy and facenew challenges) Improve the public image and socialize, so that they recognize me and my ideas. Create a positive image for me amongst the people around to remember. 1. Practice empathy towards work, people, environment and most importantly towards self. 2. Set small meaningful personal and professional daily targets for me like reading an article or writing a blog about things that interest me and professional related. 3. Present paper at a conference or work related seminar to boost the confidence for public speaking. Thoroughly practice and prepare for the subject matter. 4. Be visible on social media, and connect to profession related group and people, to share thoughts and idea about a subject matter and recent development to mark my presence in the professional circle. 5. Seek mentorship, to verify and validate my ideas before presenting. Mar-2017 Feb-May 2017 Feb- Apr 2017 ongoing Mar-Apr-2017 Take feedback from external sources and compare the findings with initial documents to identify the area that I have improved on and what needs further rectification. Observe and note small behavioral changes made that have made been made and evaluate whether they have become a habit or not and permanent part of the routine. Set new goals or re-devise the implementation part to improve on them. Poor presentation of self and speech in presentation, social media Avoidance and Fear Holding Other Accountable Self-Handicap What is the Situation Triggers Impact on Others What to Do Specific Behavioral Plan of Action Timeline Assessment Not holding peers accountable There have been many instances in my managerial career that at the time of job performance evaluation, my subordinates often respond to accountability questions by they werent aware of the criteria, even though I had mentioned to them in the initial project stage. Self Deception Such situation put too much pressure on myself on behalf of the team to get the things done, and at times finds myself getting things done for my subordinates and peers just to meet the project timeline. Deliberate Action Design proactive approach on task accountability for the subordinates and peers. Discuss and communicate with them before finalizing, and document them. 1. Hold a daily morning meeting with the team to review performance and discuss what needs to be done and how, so that peers can suggest better advice to complete specific tasks, prioritize and assign workload with realistic timelines and set accountability goals. Include buffer in the schedule to accommodate unexpected events. 2. Make daily meeting note or place a white board for everybody to see, on which task timeline with an accountable person is mentioned, and is updated every morning after the meeting. 3. Publicly acknowledge peer and subordinate performance. 4. Set daily personal task and note them down based on the priorities. Feb-Apr 2017 Feb-Apr 2017 Feb-Apr 2017 Feb-Apr 2017 A good indicator of this change would be to evaluate peers and subordinates the task related approach and behavioral change in the daily morning. If I consider the things not improving, have a private talk with the person and try to understand his perspective. Instead of yearly performance review, have a monthly or quarterly review, to assess the performance, and correct them if required. Key behaviors and Baby steps: (derived from Self-Handicapping Leadership- the nine behaviors holding back employees, managers and companies and how to overcome them, by Phillip Decker and Jordan Mitchell) Most of the behavioral changes are focused on improving self-efficacy and regaining confidence to complete difficult tasks and face new challenges. Arrive at the next meeting/ class before time and prepare for it respectively. I heard an interesting technique for time management from a third person that Reaching a meeting 5 mins early is being on time and reaching on time means youre late., I will try to implement this philosophy. Be humble and honest in accepting my shortcomings. Enhance my understanding for the respective, seek assistance and push myself in questioning and analyzing regarding the unknown. Start writing a daily diary to self-analysis, what I have achieved and lost during the day, and mark positive events and their outcomes. Try to incorporate small positive behavioral change around my daily routine, like reading, writing and meditating. Resultant of these activities would be: I would feel confident when I walk into a meeting or class. The desire to learn and improve would push and drive me to accept my shortcomings and reach out people to overcome them. I would be better able to identify positive and negative behavior, devise a personal action plan for them. Incorporating small behavioral change around daily routine would soon become a habit and will have a positive impact. Tunnel Vision: Reading through the chapter and relating it to my previous professional and limited managerial experience, I consider tunnel vision as one key self-handicapping factor that executives and professional face as a hurdle in the growth and more importantly remain unaware about this shortcoming. We always ask our self why arent we getting a promotion and the other person is, even though I have more knowledge and experience, now I understand that the reason for it is tunnel vision. The top management looks at the person from various dimensions but the most critical and important one is they see whether the person takes into account the bigger picture and absolute goals when approaching smaller tasks, their understanding of what is happening beyond the boundaries of our particular job, department or organization. We need to avoid blindness in relation to information, internal and external environment, and understand the fine line between company vision and tunnel vision. During the process of identifying behavior and self-analyzing my work philosophy with the newly acquired knowledge and understanding of tunnel vision, honestly found out that I focus on whats in my inbox and isolate in my workplaces, working in my particular department, head down, and focusing on the specific job. I have little to no awareness of what may be going on outside of my little sphere. Often, restricting myself to useful information from the colleagues which could assist me in decision making. Reviewing and revisiting my 7-year career in textiles, I can well identify the decisions and approaches where I exercised tunnel vision. Switching jobs for small benefits and not taking into account the learning path early on in my career; which dented my resume and progress. Later on, in the managerial role due to my introvert nature, the team often got pressurize to meet the result and had to go though unnecessary efforts to meet the timeline. Digging into reasons, taking the self-assessment and analysis test, talking to friends, family and close acquaintances relating the findings to my previous limited professional experience; I found out the lack of self-confidence and self-efficacy in my abilities as one of the prime reason of self-handicapping and exercising tunnel vision. Due to the mentioned I never reached out to people and connected to them, exercised poor listening and writing skills which added to the misery and always procrastinated to make things even difficult for myself and people around me. During the action plan and baby steps, I would be primarily focused on improving my listening, writing and networking skills to open myself up to new idea and experiences which would help in the longer run. Implementing a behavioral change around my routine schedule, so that they slowly and latterly become permanent and a positive change. Tunnel Vision Self-Handicap What is the Situation Triggers Impact on Others What to Do Specific Behavioral Plan of Action Timeline Assessment Deal with procrastination I consider myself as not a good writer, and always try to avoid or take too much time doing it. I try to mask my shortcomings and indulge myself other non-related activities like social media to avoid the task at hand. Apprehension In a group project setting, due to my habits and I tend to put too much pressure on myself by procrastinating things, which is later transferred to other team members, resulted is there is a hassle to meet the project timeline and often we have compromise on the results. Face it I need to focus on building my self-confidence and writing abilities. I have to face my fear and take baby steps to convert my weakness into strength. Timely manage my work to effectively and efficiently get the required results. 1. Get out of my comfort zone and embrace myself for change. 2. Self assess and take professional help to identify areas where I need to improve, learn new skills and new perspectives. 3. Write a daily personal and professional to do list, in the order to priorities. 4. Identify and park/ block unproductive activities during work hours like face- book and whatsapp. 5. Find a method of meditation and exercise daily for 10-15 mins to self reflect on the changes happening, analysis them and gain positives out of them. 6. Set small meaningful personal and professional daily targets for myself to write a blog or personal article about things that interest me. Take feedback from close friends and family, also professional acquaintances like ex- boss about respective piece of writing, listen to the criticism positively and implement the changes gradually. Feb-2017 Feb-Mar 2017 Feb-Apr 2017 Feb-Apr 2017 Feb-Apr 2017 Feb-Apr 2017 Take 360-degree feedback to check the progress and rectify the shortcomings. Self-evaluates the consistency in the mentioned behavioral change. Honestly, answer the important question Have they became a habit and are they having a positive impact?, if required make necessary changes. Tunnel Vision Self-Handicap What is the Situation Triggers Impact on Others What to Do Specific Behavioral Plan of Action Timeline Assessment Ignoring people after get your way At times, I find myself so much into things that I blind side myself by not hearing to what others have to say or suggest and what is happening around me. Self Deception Due to my introvert nature, I restrict myself to new ideas from my peers and subordinate, create a perception about them without knowing their story and thoughts; which really effects my ability to approach them during an assignment and after also. Resultant of this affects group cohesion and ability to achieve better and positive team efforts. Look and Listen One of the reasons that I self-analyzed during the initial assignments that I am not a good listener and have low self-esteem which greatly impacts my people interaction. So my prime objective would be to improve my verbal and non-verbal communication techniques to gain self-confidence. 1. Practice being patience during a conversation and discussion. 2. Divert my full focus and attention to the speaker and to what they are saying. Avoid distraction from the surrounding. 3. Clear my mind, try to visualize what the speaker is referring to and not jump to conclusions. 4. Respect the person speaking and their ideas. Contain the urge to ask unnecessary questions and learn the art of supportive questioning through taking support from mentors and reading articles based on it. Monitor my self-talk. 5. Learn to use and interpret non-verbal communication through reading and observing the people and surrounding. 6. Every day, greet people around me with a simple smile or hello; and if the conversation follows, go with the flow. Have an open and casual discussion with team members. 7. Join team members during lunch and tea time and have a casual non-work related conversation in order to understand the person and likewise. Feb-2017 Feb-Mar 2017 Feb-Apr 2017 Feb-Apr 2017 Feb-Apr 2017 Feb-Apr 2017 Feb- Mar 2017 Take different listening psychometric tests , and get it evaluated through third party to compare the finding with self analysis. Take 360-degree feedback to check the progress and rectify the shortcomings. Self-evaluates the consistency in the mentioned behavioral change. Honestly, answer the important question Have they became a habit and are they having a positive impact?, if required make necessary changes. Key behaviors and Baby steps: Â   Â   The baby steps are particularly focused on reducing the personal isolation, socializing and exposing me to new information, opportunities and challenges. Set up Google Alerts account and set a preference to the areas that I need to improve and profession related update, this will bring information to me. Take out 10-15 mins daily to go through the information. Seek advice and network with people not having same preference or profession, and share ideas and discuss on general issues this will give me more perspectives and new angles to approach an issue. Develop a regular questioning habit and a focus on finding the right questions to explore. Develop a habit to reassess my strength and weakness by taking into account external factors, if required take help from family, friends and close acquaintance. Resultant of these activities would be: Reading through profession related topic would really enhance my knowledge and by commenting on them on social media like Twitter and LinkedIn would improve the thinking process and articulating skills. Seeking advice and networking with non-profession related people will help me bring in information and ideas that will reinvigorate what I do and how I do it, providing me new interesting perspectives and ideas that will improve my general management and leadership skills. During the professional career shift, continuously reassessing my strength and weakness in connection to what is happening in the outside world would help me in providing a clarity that what I need to fight career tunnel and realign my action plan accordingly to focus my efforts towards better personal development.