Asses the Claim that the Countries Using thr Euro Constitute an Essay

Asses the Claim that the Countries Using thr Euro Constitute an Optimal Currency Area - Essay Example This paper approves that Euro was considered as a stable currency before the late 2000s when economic crisis started to happen. The current sovereign crisis wherein many European countries are finding it relatively difficult to pay off their obligations on time therefore has created strong doubts over the sovereign debt crisis. Greece specially faced critical challenges in terms of paying off its debts and resultantly this has created strong pressure on Euro to decline against US Dollar in international market. This has also suggested that the Euro may not be an optimal currency region if it continues to perform in its current form. This suggests the absence of physical restrictions to travel and facilitate the free movement of the labor across the borders. It also requires the low cultural barriers as well as the institutional arrangements make it relatively easier for the labor to move freely. Labor mobility therefore is considered as a hedge against the adverse shocks when exchange rates are fixed or cannot be adjusted easily. It has been observed that the labor mobility within Euro area is relatively low as compared to the countries like US and Japan. This report makes a conclusion that Euro has to fulfill four important criteria before it can form into one of the cohesive and efficient single currency areas in the world. Apart from free capital mobility all other criteria suggest that the countries in the region may not be ready and hence countries comprising of the region where Euro is the single currency may not be constituted as an optimal currency area.... two models are based upon the concepts of stationary expectations as well as the International Risk Sharing.( Kenen, 1969) One of the key attribute of an optimal currency region therefore is based on the fact that it is often larger than a single country. The creation of Euro has been considered as an engineered attempt to provide a case study to test the theory of how to create an optimal currency region as individual countries in the region may not have been sufficient enough to form an optimal currency area. History of Euro Euro is the single currency in Eurozone comprising of the 17 of the 27 countries in the European Union area. Officially launched in late 1990s, over the period of time, Euro has become one of the most dominating currencies in the world. At the start of Euro as a currency, it was widely expected that the Euro will replace US Dollar as the most traded currency in the world. Backed up by the economic powers of the European economic powers in order to ensure that r egion is served by a single currency.( Richard; & Wyplosz, 2004.) Euro is officially administrated by the European Central Bank and the Eurosystem whereas the ECB has the sole responsibility to set the setting up the monetary policy for the region whereas the Eurosystem has the mandate of printing and minting currency notes as well as coins. Euro and Optimal Currency Area As discussed above, Euro was considered as a stable currency before the late 2000s when economic crisis started to happen. The current sovereign crisis wherein many European countries are finding it relatively difficult to pay off their obligations on time therefore has created strong doubts over the sovereign debt crisis. Greece specially faced critical challenges in terms of paying off its debts and resultantly this has

Environmental and social issues of Unilever

Environmental and social issues of Unilever Unilever began with British soap-maker company named Lever Brothers. Their revolutionary action in business was by introducing the Sunlight Soap in 1890s. That idea was from William Hesketh Lever, founder of Lever Brothers. This idea helped the Lever Brothers become the first company that help popularise cleanliness in Victorian England. Moreover, the product rapidly emulated globally after that it was a success in UK and made Lever Brothers obtained more business worldwide. One of the reasons of this success was the strategy from William that not only prioritize on selling the products but also focus on manufacturing them. On the other side, in 1872 Jurgens and Van den Bergh created a company that produces margarine. Since there were many competitors in the margarine industry in Dutch, in 1920s, Jurgen and Van de Berth decided to strengthen their company by joining another margarine manufacturer in Bohemia. In 1927, there were three companies including Jurgen and Van de Berth compan y which formed Margarine Unie located in Holland. In 1930, the Lever Bros merged with the Margarine Unie and even though, an international merge was an unusual move at that time, both of the two companies have the same vision that by doing this merge with strong global networks would create new opportunities. Finally, the name of Unilever was created by the merge of the companies. Not too long after Unilever was formed, they got a big problem which was that their raw material companies were reduced from 30% to 40% in the first year. As that problem started to attack, Unilever had to react quickly by building up an efficient system of control. In September of 1930, Unilever established the Special Committee that was designed to stabilize British and Dutch operate and concern as an internal cabinet for the organization. Since William Levers death in 1925, it was Frances DArcy Cooper who replaced him to become the chairmen of Lever Brothers. Cooper made several benefits for Unilever, one of his revolutionary action was that he led the various companies that included Unilever into one Anglo-Dutch companies. According to The Netherlands official UK site, Anglo-Dutch Companies is the British and the Dutch historically joined forces to form some of the strongest companies in the world, and until now their position is still strong. In 1937, when the correlation between the profit-earning capabilities of the British and Dutch companies found itself overturned, it was Cooper that came to solve the problem by convincing the board of the necessity for restructuring. In the 1930s, Unilever continued to grow their business when they promoted their products in America Latin. To keep it growing, Unilever adapted a new strategy in 1940s by widening their business areas and create new areas such as particular food and chemical manufactures. Furthermore, Unilever recognized that there were something more important than widening their areas, it was the relationship between marketing and research that they must focus on. Therefore, Unilever expanded their operation by making association by two important actuations in US, those are Thomas J. Lipton company, manufacture of tea, and the Pepsodent brand of toothpaste in 1944. In 1957 Unilever continued their actions by associating with U.K. frozen food maker birds eye, and in 1961 with U.S. Ice cream novelty maker Good Humor. In the 1980s Unilever made a revolutionary restructuring by selling most of its subsidiary business to concentrate the companys core business. Eventually, foods, toiletries, detergents and special chemicals were the Unilevers core business. This restructuring also helped Unilever to make a collaboration with Chesebrought-Ponds in U.S. in 1986. That collaboration made a big impact to Unilever, their profit margin increased. Furthermore, Unilever bought Chesebrought-Pond in 1987. Nowadays, Unilever become the worlds most consumed product brand in home care, personal care and food. In 2002, Unilever had a worldwide revenue around à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬48,760 million. Unilever has two main parenting companies, they are Unilever NV in Rotterdam and Netherland and Unilever PLC in London, UK. However, Unilever still has two major competitors named Nestlà © and Procter Gamble. Unilever has several worldwide products in foods such as Lipton, Knorr, Blue Band, Ben and Jerry, Walls, and Brooke bond. In home care, they have Surf, Sun, Radiant, Domestos and Skip. In personal care, they have Ponds, Vaseline, Rexona, Lux, Dove, Lifebuoy, Pepsodent, Sunsilk and Axe/Lynx. Social and Environmental issues Besides Unilevers success, there are also some social and environmental issues that affects Unilever. There are several damages created by Unilever during their processes in manufacturing, supplying, and labouring. Palm oil issues that affected by Unilever Unilever is the company with the worlds largest buyer of palm oil. They turn the palm oil material to their products like detergents, cosmetics, bio-fuel and soaps. Their actions by cutting down the palm oil of the most area in Kalimantan was slowly destroying habitat of Orang-utan, an endangered species which lived almost everywhere in the rainforest of Kalimantan. This action resulted in the extinction of the Orang-utan species in Kalimantan. An expected of two million acres of the rainforests in Kalimantan have been cut down annually. This action is also damaging Indonesias rainforest, eventually leading to a severe climate change. Unilever created their products to help people in doing their daily life, but in fact they are also destroying other endangered lives. In 2008, Unilever was criticised by Greenpeace UK because of these actions. In November 2009, Unilever announced to cancelled and stop buying palm oil from Indonesian company, PT Smart for environmental reason. In April 2010, Unilever had secured GreenPalm certificates. GreenPalm endorsed By RSPO (Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil), Organization formed by several stakeholders in the palm oil industry, to protect the environmental impact of palm oil and endorse sustainable agriculture. These certificates have function to cover the supplies of its European, Australian and New Zealand businesses. Unilevers Mercury Waste In 1983, Chesebrough Ponds Ltd, one of U.S. company bought an area near Kodaikanal. They relocated their thermometer-making factory that had been in Watertown, suburb of New York to this area. In 1987, Unilever bought Ponds and the thermometer-making factory in Kodaikanal and became the biggest facility in the world. Then, Hindustan Lever Limited (HLL), the subsidiary of Unilever which operates and located in India, took charge of the factory. Early 2001, there were 7,4 tonnes of mercury-contaminated wastes around Kodaikanal in Tamil Nadu found. Kodaikanal has beautiful lakes, perennially cool weather and rich forests which is why it became the most popular tourist destination in South India. After investigating the source of those mercury it was found to be from Hindustan Lever Limited factory. Mercury is a toxic metal that can harm humans liver and brain. Once mercury come into the environment, it will be changed during natural method into a structure that works its way quickly through the food chain where it can contemplate to hazardously high levels. Mercury is the basic material to create thermometers. In March 2001, four hundred people from Factory workers unions and local communities protested and complained about the unsafe waste disposal methods from Hindustan Lever Limited factory. They gave an ultimatum of either closing the factory or remove it from Kodaikanal areas. They also said since the mercury disposal happen in this area, it was destroying the Shola ecosystem of Western Ghats. After that incident, Unilever decided to postpone their thermometer production in Hindustan Lever Limited factory near Kodaikanal until they find a solution to the problem. However on June 21 2001, the Government of India ordered HLL to close the factory and ship the rest of the mercury waste to the U.S. Unilever Use Child Labour in India In India, Hindustan Lever Limited (HLL) has employed for expected number of 25,000 children, mostly girls in cotton seed production. They worked usually between ten and thirteen hours per day and they only got 40 Eurocents per day. Sometime, they are exposed to toxic pesticides during their work. The reason company prefer employed child than the adult was to save money in waging the labour. Usually, a child only receives 55% less than a man and 30 % less than a woman. One of their labour was Narasamma, 12 years old. She was a migrant who worked in cotton seed field for the last three years. She worked more than 12 hours per day with only two breaks. During work, she was regularly sprayed by pesticides and got ill after. However, she only earned Rs. 800 a month. In early 2003, many countries in Europe such as Germany, Netherlands and Ireland started do the campaign to stop Child labour. This campaign started from Germany, then to Netherlands and the campaign finished in Ireland. The main message from those campaigns was that school is the best place for children, so stop child labour. In may 2003, Unilever announced that they would solve the child labour problem in India. Unilever told Hindustan Lever Limited to start rejecting the use of child labour. Conclusion Unilever is one of most influential companies in the world by providing products that help people in their daily life and also supporting global economic growth. They improve their strategy to create products time by time until they meet customer requirements. That is why most of their product trustable and convenient to be used. Some survey showed that every houses in the world at least has one of Unilever product. This is showed that Unilever is very influential in human social life. Perhaps giving value to the brand is the best action that Unilever had done. However, Unilever made some environmental and social issues in their history. Many had protested what Unilever had done in the moment. In fact, Unilever is one of the companies which have been responsible for their actions. Unilever reacted quickly by fixing the problem.

A Fear of Looking Foolish

Humor is a read way to scatter the feeling of being foolish. Keep in mind that who you are being foolish in front of are humans and there isn't one of them who hasn't been foolish themselves. I agree in this quote â€Å"Our wisdom comes from our experience, and our experience comes from our foolishness† from Sac Guitar, it symbolized that being foolish is not bad as we know, it is the experience that made us more brave from our mistakes. One more quote that eve found on Google â€Å"Its always the fear of looking stupid that stops you from being awesome† fromKier Sacs, just remember that quote and try to relaxed and have faith on yourself when you are doing something–then you'll just find that you made it through. The root cause of all our excellence, all our ability, is fear.. We are afraid afraid to look bad, afraid to make a mistake, afraid to look like a fool in front of others. So we make sure that we are prepared. We make sure we are in control. We like to do well at anything that we do, it is never a pleasure to be bad at anything.But it is fear, a deep fear that motivates us more than anything else. It's always the fear of looking foolish that stops you from being awesome so release yourself from the fear of being foolish. Know that there are times when it will happen. Deal with it with humor and move on. Whatever you do don't let the fear of looking foolish stop you from doing what you want to do. As far as I know, no one has ever died from looking foolish. Yes, it hurts on the ego, but does little other damage if we don't let it get to us.Always remember that looking foolish is all part of being human so onto be scared of looking foolish just be who you are don't mind what people might think to you. There is a lot to be learned from taking risk and not being perfect. Don't let the fear of making mistakes and looking awkward stop you from taking risks and living life to the fullest. We're going to mess up. We're going to make mista kes. We're going to break things. While we try hard not to do that, the glory, the hero within us comes to play not when we're perfect, but when we recover. Mistakes will be made, accidents happen, and you will screw up.

Sahul Ancient Pleistocene Continent of Australia

Sahul is the name given to the single Pleistocene-era continent which connected Australia with New Guinea and Tasmania. At the time, the sea level was as much as 150 meters (490 feet) lower than it is today; rising sea levels created the separate landmasses we recognize. When Sahul was a single continent, many of the islands of Indonesia were joined to the South East Asian mainland in another Pleistocene era continent called Sunda. It is important to remember that what we have today is an unusual configuration. Since the beginning of the Pleistocene, Sahul was almost always a single continent, except during those short periods between glacial expansions when the sea level rises to isolate these components into north and south Sahul. The north Sahul consists of the island of New Guinea; the southern part is Australia including Tasmania. Wallaces Line The Sunda landmass of southeast Asia was separated from Sahul by 90 kilometers (55 miles) of water, which was a significant biogeographical boundary first recognized in the mid 19th century by Alfred Russell Wallace and known as Wallaces Line. Because of the gap, except for birds, Asian and Australian fauna evolved separately: Asia include placental mammals such as primates, carnivores, elephants and hoofed ungulates; while Sahul has marsupials like kangaroos and koalas. Elements of Asian flora did make it across Wallaces line; but the closest evidence for either hominins or Old World mammals is on the island of Flores, where Stegadon elephants and perhaps pre-sapiens humans H. floresiensis have been found. Routes of Entry There is a general consensus that Sahuls first human colonizers were anatomically and behaviorally modern humans: they had to know how to sail. There are two likely routes of entry, the northern-most through the Indonesia Moluccan archipelago to New Guinea, and the second a more southern route through the Flores chain to Timor and then to Northern Australia. The northern route had two sailing advantages: you could see the target landfall on all legs of the journey, and you could return to the departure point using the winds and currents of the day. Sea craft using the southern route could cross Wallaces boundary during the summer monsoon, but sailors could not consistently see  target landmasses, and the currents were such that they could not turn around and go back. The earliest coastal site in New Guinea is at its extreme eastern end, an open site on the uplifted coral terraces, which has yielded dates of 40,000 years or older for large tanged and waisted flakes axes. So When Did People Get to Sahul? Archaeologists mostly fall into two major camps concerning the initial human occupation of Sahul, the first of which suggests that the initial occupation occurred between 45,000 and 47,000 years ago. A second group supports the initial settlement site dates between 50,000-70,000 years ago, based on evidence using uranium series, luminescence, and electron spin resonance dating. Although there are some who argue for a much older settlement, the distribution of anatomically and behaviorally modern humans leaving Africa using the Southern Dispersal Route could not have reached Sahul much before 75,000 years ago. All of the ecological zones of  Sahul were definitely occupied by 40,000 years ago, but how much earlier the land was occupied is debated. The data below was collected from Denham, Fullager, and Head. Wet tropical rainforests in eastern New Guinea (Huon, Buang Merabak)Savanna/grasslands of subtropical northwestern Australia (Carpenters Gap, Riwi)Monsoonal tropical forests of northwestern Australia (Nauwalabila, Malakanunja II)Temperate southwestern Australia (Devils Lair)Semi-arid regions of interior, southeastern Australia (Lake Mungo) Megafaunal Extinctions Today, Sahul has no native terrestrial animal larger than about 40 kilograms (100 pounds), but for most of the Pleistocene, it supported diverse large vertebrates weighing up to three metric tons (about 8,000 pounds). Ancient extinct megafaunal varieties in Sahul include a giant kangaroo (Procoptodon goliah), a giant bird (Genyornis newtoni), and a marsupial lion (Thylacoleo carnifex). As with other megafaunal extinctions, the theories about what happened to them include overkill, climate change, and human-set fires. One recent series of studies (cited in Johnson) suggests that the extinctions were concentrated between 50,000-40,000 years ago on mainland Australia and slightly  later in Tasmania. However, also as with other megafaunal extinction studies, the evidence also shows a staggered extinction, with some as early as 400,000 years ago and the most recent about 20,000. The most likely is that extinction happened at different times  for different reasons. Sources: This article is part of the About.com guide to Settlement of Australia, and part of the Dictionary of Archaeology Allen J, and Lilley I. 2015. Archaeology of Australia and New Guinea. In: Wright JD, editor. International Encyclopedia of the Social Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition). Oxford: Elsevier. p 229-233. Davidson I. 2013. Peopling the last new worlds: The first colonisation of Sahul and the Americas. Quaternary International 285(0):1-29. Denham T, Fullagar R, and Head L. 2009. Plant exploitation on Sahul: From colonisation to the emergence of regional specialisation during the Holocene. Quaternary International 202(1-2):29-40. Dennell RW, Louys J, ORegan HJ, and Wilkinson DM. 2014. The origins and persistence of Homo floresiensis on Flores: biogeographical and ecological perspectives. Quaternary Science Reviews 96(0):98-107. Johnson CN, Alroy J, Beeton NJ, Bird MI, Brook BW, Cooper A, Gillespie R, Herrando-Pà ©rez S, Jacobs Z, Miller GH et al. 2016. What caused extinction of the Pleistocene megafauna of Sahul? Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283(1824):20152399. Moodley Y, Linz B, Yamaoka Y, Windsor HM, Breurec S, Wu J-Y, Maady A, Bernhà ¶ft S, Thiberge J-M, Phuanukoonnon S et al. 2009. The Peopling of the Pacific from a Bacterial Perspective. Science 323(23):527-530. Summerhayes GR, Field JH, Shaw B, and Gaffney D. 2016. The archaeology of forest exploitation and change in the tropics during the Pleistocene: The case of Northern Sahul (Pleistocene New Guinea). Quaternary International in press. Vannieuwenhuyse D, OConnor S, and Balme J. 2016. Settling in Sahul: Investigating environmental and human history interactions through micromorphological analyses in tropical semi-arid north-west Australia. Journal of Archaeological Science in press. Wroe S, Field JH, Archer M, Grayson DK, Price GJ, Louys J, Faith JT, Webb GE, Davidson I, and Mooney SD. 2013. Climate change frames debate over the extinction of megafauna in Sahul (Pleistocene Australia-New Guinea). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110(22):8777-8781.

Graduation Speech Fireworks Essay - 999 Words

Even though you cannot see them yet, the fireworks will begin tonight. In bright stunning colors, they will paint over the black world around them and they will glow. In all shapes and sizes they will scatter over the stars and the moon. They will erupt in loud, almost deafening blasts to hushed crackles of soundless glory. Each diploma received is a lighted match of fire. Each graduate is a fuse. If you put a lighted match and a fuse together, you make sparks to create light. If you put a diploma and a graduate together, you have fireworks. As I look down into the mass crowd of parents, guardians, relatives, friends, teachers, and other members of Southern Columbia’s school community, I can only focus on my fellow graduating†¦show more content†¦Both of these diversely sized accomplishments are what make the world complete. If the world were filled with large accomplishments, what would build the climax to get ready for such awe-inspiring displays? If the world were filled with small accomplishments, what would make the grand finale so grand? Just like a fireworks display, every graduate has the potential to create a large canvas of achievements or a small canvas of achievements. Every success has just as much importance as the next. If you have ever closed your eyes for one second during a fireworks display, you can hear and feel the energy they possess. Fireworks can give off loud bursts as well as crackles and fizzles that are more appreciated by the ear. The human heart can also feel the explosion of the firework, for it tenses and almost seemingly stops beating for a millisecond. The big booms make people jump and feel the full affect of the explosion. The quieter rumbles still give off noise so they are not completely overshadowed. Just like the size of the explosion, the noise it gives off leaves impressions as well. Every graduate will hopefully accomplish something in their life, no matter how big or how small, that will either be significantly noticed and felt in a large boom, or be casually noticed but still heard in a crackle. They might not both receive the same recognition, but both will entitle each other to create a magnificent displayShow MoreRelatedMy Dad Had A Chronic Breathing Disorder842 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"My boy is about to be a college freshman† my dad said, looking at Johan put on his cap and gown before his graduation. â€Å"I remember there were times I felt, I’d never see this day† he proclaimed. My dad had a chronic breathin g disorder. Our family doctor has said he probably has died in his sleep many of times and didn’t realize it. It was a scary thing. I hoped I’d never have to be with him alone because I didn’t want him to croak on me. I was too young to see that. 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And as concerned as she was about the attitudes of the people sitting around the table, Kathryn could not deny that moments like this were a big part of why she loved being a leader. 39 17Lencioni/Speech 2/10/02 3:36 PM Page 40 THE SPEECH M artin took the only remaining chair at the end of the conference table opposite Kathryn. As soon as he sat down, he removed his laptop computer from its case and put it on the table in front of him, leaving it closedRead More111135197X 38570 Essay example17696 Words   |  71 Pagesmeeting yesterday because she never showed up. I 5. Zhang Wei is not in class. He could have overslept and missed the bus. B (page 76) 1. Students must complete all of their essays to pass the class. 2. Mike can complete all his classes for graduation next semester. 3. I should have bought a present for my brother’s birthday, but I forgot. 4. I should pass this class if I do well on the final exam. 5. My parents informed me that I must (OR have to) do better in school this semester.Read MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 Pages After the sales projections were reviewed and Jeff was convinced that they were as accurate and as reliable as they possibly could be, he asked the receptionist to set up an appointment with Tom Kelly. When Jeff walked into Kelly s office the fireworks began. He was greeted with, What s wrong with National? They refused to quote on this special part. We sent them a print and asked National for their price and delivery, indicating it could turn into a sizable order. They turned me down flat saying

Swot Analysis Tesco s Stock Market Share Using The Swot...

The main purpose of this essay is to assess Tesco’s decline in market share using the SWOT and PESTLE analysis. In doing so, the individual components of SWOT and PESTLE analysis are applied to Tesco. SWOT analysis is a method or ‘framework’ used for business analysis. It serves as a useful tool for companies, thereby aiding their evaluations, giving them clarity in direction as well as the ability to strategies with others to make well-informed choices and decisions. In other words, it is a way of analysing a business, its resources and environment (Riley 2014). The SWOT acronym stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (Dudovskiy 2012). These four elements aids in assessing the company both internally and externally.†¦show more content†¦Political factors include taxes, Economic factors include inflation, Social factors include culture, Technological factors include research and development, Legal factors include various regulations and Environmental factors include pollution. (Business ball 2015) The factors highlighted above are largely external, hence; PESTLE is a tool that can be used together with the SWOT framework, particularly in evaluating the opportunities and threats open to a company. (Business ball 2015) Tesco is one of the largest retailers on earth and has its stores in 12 countries around the world. It is a public limited company this is; a business with limited liability and usually a wide spread of shareholders (Allan. P 2013:40). Tesco has the most extensive and widest range of food amongst retailers in the UK. Its two main brands are its Finest and Everyday value, with each selling over  £I billion per year. It has about 3,561 stores, including franchises in the UK. (BBC) Surridge (2011:46) states that Market share measures, the sale of one product or businesses as a percentage of the total market share. AboulElgheit (2013) highlights the fact that Tesco is ‘losing ground’ in the UK, which indicates that it has been losing market share to its ‘competitors’. Over the past three months, Tesco sales have declined and now holds 30.9% of the market to 28.8%, this drastic fall occurred between the year of August 2012 to August 2014, which means that Tesco lost share each year.Show MoreRelatedMarketing Audit Tesco2433 Words   |  10 Pages Tesco Plc Marketing Audit [Name of the Writer] [Name of the Institution] Executive Summary This report contains the company overview and details of marketing audit carried on Tesco Plc, which is largest retailer in UK. The marketing audit has covered various important areas that are significant to analyze, indentify and understand the issues and challenges of internal and external environment of the business. Tools used to conduct marketing audit of the Tesco Plc are, marketingRead MoreMarketing Mix3790 Words   |  16 PagesEnvironment†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 2.3 Environment of Tesco†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 2.4 Environmental Management†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..8 2.5 SWOT Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.9 Task 3†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..11 3.1 Traditional and extended marketing mix†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..11 3.2 Prospect and Concept of marketing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..12 Task 4†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦14 4.1 The Extended Marketing mix(7Ps)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...14 4.2 Tesco Pestle Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...16 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦17 Read MoreCaffe Nero3562 Words   |  15 Pagesvalue, selective site acquisition and disciplined roll-out. Next, SWOT analysis has included in this report because it can help the company planning and make a good decision. The SWOT analysis had been written in the appendix. In The stakeholders, it included suppliers, government, shareholders, pressure group, media and customers. In the appendix, the stakeholders showed how does stakeholders can effects the company process. PESTLE in this report can be very important, it can use to analyze to externalRead MoreMacro Environment and Marketing Mix3358 Words   |  14 Pagesstudied through different analysis, there are several but mainly used are PESTLE analysis and SWOT analysis. Sainsbury’s Overview: Sainsbury’s was established by John James and Mary Ann in the year 1869 as a small dairy shop. In very short time the store became popular for selling good and quality products at very low prices, and as a result further store branches followed over time. 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(50% of overall marks and due by 3pm Thursday of week 8) Executive Summary: After analysing the changing habits of UK consumers, it is seen that consumers begin to shape the industry in the sense of â€Å"health consciousness† and â€Å"awareness of product quality†. Starting from this point, this report aims to suggest new segment for Tesco which gathers all its organic and healthRead MoreThe Financial And Business Aspect Of An Organization3667 Words   |  15 Pagescoursework is Airline Sector and the kind of Accounting and working capital policies are normally used by the organisations in this sector. The Market Outlook of this Sector as well as thorough Analysis of certain organisations performing under this Sector using different ratios. Part 1- Ratio Analysis The Purpose of ratio analysis is to give an overview of the current position of an organisation as compared to its previous performance as well as competitors. 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Strategic Management of TESCO supermarket: PESTLE analysis, Porter s 5 Forces analysis, Critical success factors, SWOT Analysis, VALUE CHAIN analysis, TESCO S strategic options, Core Competences Cultural Web. An updated version of this sample is available here. |[pic] |

Sophie’s World Guide Free Essays

THEORY OF KNOWLEDGEFALL 2012 SOPHIE’S WORLD: READING GUIDE DR. HALL The novel Sophie’s World (1991) by Norwegian author Jostein Gaarder offers a tour of the history of Western philosophy as well as a post-modern detective story. We chose this reading for IB Seniors because it ties in so well with our fundamental TOK questions and issues. We will write a custom essay sample on Sophie’s World Guide or any similar topic only for you Order Now Because of the intellectual journey the novel charts, it makes a companion to Siddhartha which adds, however, an eastern counterpoint to the western orientation of Gaarder’s novel. For analysis and discussion purposes, I have divided the novel into the following five sections. Please type out or write neatly your responses to this guide on separate pages. Cite page numbers for all passages you paraphrase or quote in ( ). You are welcome to add your own comments/critiques. Approximately one section will be due per week during the first 5 – 6 weeks of the first quarter. We will discuss your responses during the assigned weeks of class as well as take reading quizzes on each section. We may also write practice TOK essays based on ideas and issues presented in Sophie’s World. Note that this book is a translation. It will enhance your understanding if you look up Gaarder on the web. Print and critique an article you find provocative; this will be part of your article file. I)â€Å"The Garden of Eden† – â€Å"Aristotle†pages 1 – 120 This opening section introduces Sophie and her world of home and school. It sets up the relationship between Sophie and her philosophy teacher, who communicates with her primarily through letters. It reviews some of the material we studied in the spring (Socrates) and some you have studied earlier at Central (Greek mythology). Make a list of the characters as you are introduced to them. Like Sophie, you will begin trying to identify Hilde and her father. 2 For each section make a list of the major schools of philosophy mentioned, notinga characteristic philosopher and describing his main ideas. (Do this on the basis of Gaarder’s information although you may want to find out more about ones that intrigue you. ) Cite page ##s in text and/or sources if you look up information. 3Find several examples of how the PLOT of the novel reflects the various ideas about which Sophie is learning. Find several examples of Gaarder’s use of the Socratic method. 5Compare Plato’s ideal society with the ideal commonwealth described by Gonzalo in Act II of The Tempest. II)â€Å"Hellenism† – â€Å"The Baroque†pages 121 – 232 In this section you will discover the identity of Sophie’s teacher. You will also move forward in time from the Greek philosophical tradition to its successors in European history up to the l600s. 1Describe the discussions of mysticism and consider how they might tie in with a work like Antigone or Chronicle of a Death Foretold. 2Find the image of history as a clock; then try to draw the clock. This may remind you of th e learning style represented by the color wheel in Girl With a Pearl Earring. ) 3Make a note when you run across vocabulary that we have defined in TOK. 4 Continue your list of key philosophers and their ideas (or at least the characteristics of key philosophical periods). 5In light of Siddhartha and other knowledge, give examples of or observations on Western orientation in Gaarder’s depiction of the development of ideas. III)â€Å"Descartes† – â€Å"Kant†pages 233 – 341 In this section you will begin to resolve the mysteries of Hilde’s and her father’s identities. There will by crossovers between the original plot with Sophie and the story of Hilde. 1Why does Gaarder chose to structure his narrative this way? How may this structure demonstrate the philosophical ideas being presented? 2Pay particular attention to the division of mind/body in Descartes and to the similarities/differences between Berkeley and Bjerkely. 3 Recall our discussions of the Enlightenment in the work and writing style of Benjamin Franklin. Locate some passages that help illuminate (haha) Franklin’s text. 4FOR NEW JERUSALEM: SEE SECTION ON SPINOZA, 247-256. Reflect on Alberto’s lecture in light of the play. 5Explain Locke’s relationship to empiricism. Check meanings of the term. 6 Compare/contrast this discussion of Kant with discussion of Kant and duty ethics in our TOK textbook. IV)â€Å"Romanticism† – â€Å"Freud†pages 342 – 446 This section features Marx, Darwin, and Freud, sometimes called â€Å"The Triple Thinkers† for their impact on late 19th – early 20th century history, politics, economics, science, the arts, and human behavior. Notice that â€Å"philosophy† has diversified into what we would call separate disciplinary fields. Do you think the Freud chapter is aptly placed and persuasive? Why or why not, based on what you know of Freud from Psychology class and on the other kinds of thinkers included in this book? 2Compare the depiction of Freud in Gaarder with that in Brave New World. 3Discuss the satire of Darwinism in Brave New World with the explanation of evol ution in Sophie’s World. Note the similar titles. 4Do you agree that â€Å"philosophy is the mirror of the world spirit†? (371). Can you give some illustrations of this claim from your other readings or experiences? V)â€Å"Our Own Time† – â€Å"The Big Bang†pages 447 – 513 Please look up a definition of â€Å"existentialism. † Do you agree â€Å"To exist is to create your own life† (458)? Who is Sartre? Who is Camus? You read this Algerian-born writer’s novel The Stranger in junior IB English. 2Compare definition of â€Å"paradigm shift† on 464 with Thomas Kuhn’s. 3What book does Alberto buy Sophie? Explain. 4What happens at the garden party? Apply â€Å"big bang theory† to the plot(s) of the novel. 5Compare/contrast Gaarder’s and Kuhn’s (and Franklin’s) attitude toward science, based on the chaotic penultimate scene of each novel. 6Why might the book conclude in a rowboat on a lake? Explain the political relevance of Hilde’s father’s deep involvement in Lebanon and in United Nations policies. What are the similarities and differences between Lebanon and the struggle Khaled Hosseini describes in A Thousand Splendid Suns (and The Kite Runner)? What is the relevance of both of these contexts for IB? What is happening in the spring/ summer of 2011 in the Middle East that could be understood through the lens of Gaarder’s novel? 8Go back and read the epigraph by Goethe: is this what the novel is designed to illustrate? How does it do so? Who is Goethe? What is the relevance of the epigraph for TOK? How to cite Sophie’s World Guide, Papers