Interactive Research in Entrepreneurship †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Interactive Research in Entrepreneurship. Answer: Introduction: Practice as a philosophy refers to the mode of engaging in the practice in any organisation or work that represents the understanding of the organisational reality. It refers to use of set of values that guides the professional behaviour, ethical decisions and what should be practiced day in and day out. It refers to commitment to an ontology where practice is considered as constitutive of organisational reality. Practice as phenomenon refers to commitment to understanding what professionals do in their practice that is critical to obtain the organisational outcomes. The difference between practices as philosophy and practice as a phenomenon is the change in lived experiences. It is the gap in what is believed and the lived reality (Bueger and Gadinger 2014). This mode is useful to understand what is happening in the practice ground and get closer to it. Practice as perspective refers to the shift from the micro-aspects and the mundane activities of organisation. In other words, it i s the mode of establishing the practice on specific conceptual grounding such as certain theories. It differs from the philosophy because perspective is the attitude towards what is being done. Considering the management studies the use of strategy as practice is an addition to the repertoire of approaches and ideas that in turn is used by the research scholars to understand an organisational outcomes. Therefore, in this regard the practice as phenomenon refers to the value of involving with the everyday activities of organizing has been foregrounded. The practice as perspective refers to valuing the practice theories that guides the examination of the specific organizational phenomena. On the other hand, the practice as a philosophy gives value to understanding the practice as a constitutive of reality (Orlikowski 2010). It is the perspective that guides ones philosophy. However, without the phenomenon it is difficult to understand what professionals do in their practice that is critical to obtain the organisational outcomes. The difference between practices as philosophy and practice as a phenomenon is the change in lived experiences. Although all the three are important, philosophy is most useful in practice as it gives different perspectives to understand different viewpoints in understanding the practice. Inquiry of phenomenon can take place only by having the perspective of philosophic thought. Then the philosophy becomes the navigational tool. It can be remodelled again and again as it emerges from the foundational principles and because the years of evidence gives deeper perspective of the broad picture (Golsorkhi et al. 2010). The narrative practices help the organisational practioners to implement the strategy with the new zeal and purpose to meet the organisational mission. Story telling is one such practice where narrating ones own actions, chance of natural happening and actions of others appear to meaningfully contribute to fulfilment of the personal and social aims. The limitation of the storytelling is the supplement but not the replacement of the existing perspectives. The other forms of narrative practices are mission statement, values, policy documents, annual reports and the action plan that makes the strategy successful. In business context, successful strategy of marketing a product requires narrative practices such as marketing campaigns, or announcements in media. The five ways in which the strategy as a practice can be assisted by the narratology are humanising strategy research, dealing with equivocality, accounting adequately for polyphony, understanding outcomes, and sensitivity to issue s of power (Brown and Thompson 2013). These narratives as artefacts acts as archive representing the core commitments and concerns of the organisation. Consequently, it affects the outcomes of strategy. The narrative practice also includes documenting the preferred way of thinking, interacting, talking, which help to focus on the organisational stories that allows to envision the strategic plan encounter as an opportunity to engage the imagination and its creativity. Thus, it ensures that the strategy is successful (Miskimmon et al. 2014). Strategy is considered a discursive practice in business. For any decision making, the use of strategy is the dominant discourse. Participation in decision-making can be constrained or enabled by use of specific discursive practice. Strategists involve in critical analysis as the language of strategy has power implications. Specific discursive resources can be adopted for strategic purposes. Using particular discursive practices extensively makes the strategies legitimate (Orlikowski and Scott 2015). Responsibility and sustainability as an alternative discourses can be introduced for displacing the elevation of an instrumental rationality. Identity in an organisation can be constructed by the discourse of strategy. It can also construct the subjectivity. The strategist using the strategy language can diffuse for instance as fad and fashion. From the managerial point of view, the use of discursive practice by a strategist provides new of opportunities for long-term planning and develo pment of the business. For a strategist, strategic planning using discursive storytelling can be conceptualized as the art of balancing tensions and subjectives of multiple strategists on strategy in a paradox lens may in fact co-exist (Dameron and Torset 2014). Practice approach is useful for the practicing mangers for planning, assessing and setting goals, developing the goals into actions, task execution, monitoring the results and analysing the overall effectiveness of the strategy. For a practice manager taking the practice approach is useful to address the risk and uncertainty for management consultants. In business, it can be financial risks. A risk is driven by both theory and practice and the practice manger needs to understand the uncertainty. In this situation, practice may involve use of consistent theories and models. For example in nursing the practice manager may use the person centred care practice approach. Similarly, in business context the people centric approaches to the management has been found appropriate for the practice managers. Important strategy practice is the narratorship, the formulation and performance of narratives. Narratological perspective may inform the practice approach. The best practice approach is the use of strategy that is evidence based for its effectiveness and impact. Evidence refers to the expert opinions, research, field lessons, and theoretical rationale (Johannisson 2014). References Brown, A.D. and Thompson, E.R., 2013. A narrative approach to strategy-as-practice.Business History,55(7), pp.1143-1167. Bueger, C. and Gadinger, F., 2014.International practice theory: new perspectives. Springer. Dameron, S. and Torset, C., 2014. The discursive construction of strategists' subjectivities: Towards a paradox lens on strategy.Journal of Management Studies,51(2), pp.291-319. Golsorkhi, D., Rouleau, L., Seidl, D. and Vaara, E. eds., 2010.Cambridge handbook of strategy as practice. Cambridge University Press. Johannisson, B., 2014. The practice approach and interactive research in entrepreneurship and small-scale venturing.Handbook of research methods and applicafions in entrepreneurship and small business, pp.228-258. Miskimmon, A., O'Loughlin, B. and Roselle, L., 2014.Strategic narratives: Communication power and the new world order(Vol. 3). Routledge. Orlikowski, W.J. and Scott, S.V., 2015. Exploring Material?Discursive Practices.Journal of management studies,52(5), pp.697-705. Orlikowski, W.J., 2010. Practice in research: phenomenon, perspective and philosophy.Cambridge handbook of strategy as practice, pp.23-33.

Stalin vs. Hitler Essay Example For Students

Stalin vs. Hitler Essay Josef Stalin, a politician from the earliest beginnings of his life, strove to achieve a national sense of power during his reign over the citizens of Russia. Adolf Hitler, however, a born high school dropout somewhat longed for a place in life. He rather fell into his role as a politician, after his brief shortcomings in arts and sciences. These two individuals developed varying ideas to put their controlling minds to work to lead their political parties in the direction of total domination of the state. In the beginning Josef Stalin was a worshiper of his beloved Vladimir Lenin. He followed his every move and did as he said to help establish and lead the Bolshevik party. Much of the early part of his political career was lost due to his exile to Siberia for most of World War I. It wasnt until 1928, when he assumed complete control of the country were he made most of his success. After Lenins death in January 1924, Stalin promoted his own cult followings along with the cult followings of the deceased leader. He took over the majority of the Socialists now, and immediately began to change agriculture and industry. We will write a custom essay on Stalin vs. Hitler specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now He believed that the Soviet Union was one hundred years behind the West and had to catch up as quickly as possible. First though he had to seal up complete alliance to himself and his cause. Stalin saw a need to sure up the allegiance to him by all who were under him. Therefore, he needed to fight out against those who opposed him. So for the rest of 1924, the Politburo continued to argue about the future of the Soviet economy. The fiercest argument was between Stalin and Trotsky over Trotskys theory of permanent Revolution. Trotsky thought that Communism could not survive in the USSR alone. He argued that the capitalist countries of the West feared Communism and would try to destroy it. For this reason, he said, it was necessary to spread Communism to the countries of Western Europe and to their overseas colonies. This would be done by giving help to revolutionary groups and parties in Western Europe. Stalin put forward an opposite theory the theory of Socialism in One Country. He argued that the USSR must always come first in the governments plans. The rest of the world must take second place. The Communists should concentrate on building up the economy of the USSR, not waste money on helping revolutionary groups abroad. With a strong, modern, and prosperous economy, the capitalist countries would never dare to attack the USSR. Trotskys theory was not popular among Party members. The Russians had set up an organization to help revolutionaries in other countries back in 1919. Its name was Comintern, short for Communist International. Comintern had already backed several attempts at revolution in European countries over the past five years, and all had failed. Trotskys theory therefore looked unworkable. Faced with mounting criticism from Party members, he resigned from his government post as Commissar for War in 1925. During his argument with Trotsky, Stalin joined forces with the Rightists: Bukharin, Rykov and Tomsky; who wanted to continue Lenins New Economic Policy. Stalin joined them not because he agreed with NEP, but because he hoped they would help him to drive Trotsky, Zinoviev and Kamenev out of the Politburo. Sure enough, with the help of the Rightists, Stalin made sure that Trotsky was always voted down in the Politburo. He also arranged for his supporters to vote against Trotsky in meetings of the Party Central Committee. He even saw to it that his supporters booed Trotskys supporters in public meetings. At the end of 1925 Stalins position was strengthened when the Party Congress elected three of his old friends to the Politburo. With their help, Stalin was able to secure the dismissal of Trotsky, Kamenev and Zinoviev from the Politburo. In 1927, Trotsky and Zinoviev were also expelled from the Party. Now that Stalin had gotten rid of Trotsky and his supporters, he turned against the Rightists who wanted to continue with NEP. In 1928, Stalin argued in favor of ending NEP, and expanding industry as fast as possible. Bukharin and the Rightists tried to argue against him. But now that Stalin had a majority of supporters in the Politburo, their arguments fell on deaf ears. At the start of 1929, Bukharin, Rykov and Tomsky resigned from the Politburo. Meanwhile, in 1928, Trotsky had been deported to Alma Ata in Soviet Central Asia. In 1929, he was exiled from the USSR all together. Stalin was now supreme leader of the USSR. Trotsky, however, had not heard the last of the argument, for Stalin was determined to wipe him out of political life all together. While Trotsky went to live in Turkey, and then in France and finally in Mexico, Stalin made sure that all traces of his life in the USSR were wiped out. Trotskys name was removed from all official publications and photographs of him were destroyed. As we shall see, his supporters in the USSR were purged from the Party and, in many cases, imprisoned or killed. Finally, in 1940, the NKVD, the secret police, arranged for Trotsky to be murdered. Posing as a supporter of Trotsky, one of their agents talked his way into Trotskys heavily guarded house, pulled out an ice-axe from beneath his coat and buried its point in Trotskys skull. Trotsky died of his wounds a day later, on 21 August 1940. .ue825ba49966abd4ca835c93f97637b2a , .ue825ba49966abd4ca835c93f97637b2a .postImageUrl , .ue825ba49966abd4ca835c93f97637b2a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue825ba49966abd4ca835c93f97637b2a , .ue825ba49966abd4ca835c93f97637b2a:hover , .ue825ba49966abd4ca835c93f97637b2a:visited , .ue825ba49966abd4ca835c93f97637b2a:active { border:0!important; } .ue825ba49966abd4ca835c93f97637b2a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue825ba49966abd4ca835c93f97637b2a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue825ba49966abd4ca835c93f97637b2a:active , .ue825ba49966abd4ca835c93f97637b2a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue825ba49966abd4ca835c93f97637b2a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue825ba49966abd4ca835c93f97637b2a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue825ba49966abd4ca835c93f97637b2a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue825ba49966abd4ca835c93f97637b2a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue825ba49966abd4ca835c93f97637b2a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue825ba49966abd4ca835c93f97637b2a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue825ba49966abd4ca835c93f97637b2a .ue825ba49966abd4ca835c93f97637b2a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue825ba49966abd4ca835c93f97637b2a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Adam Reres EssayAs Stalin fought to assure a sound political foundation, he was very interested in turning around the economy to make Russia a world economic power. His first agenda was to instill his first five-year plan. The Soviet economy at the time was concentrated in agriculture. Stalin believed that Russia had to modernize and become more industrialized. He believed that this could only be achieved by creating a command economy and forcing farmers and the industry to modernize. Stalin set high goals for the industry and by the second year of his plan he had a growth rate of 50%. Collectivization was also part of his plan. This was an attempt to modernize the industry by taking over all firms and businesses. Each business or factory was given a target that it had to meet every year for a five-year period. Punishment for failing to meet objectives was brutal, and the extreme extent was the execution of the factory managers. One of the major results of the five-year plans was the impressive industrial and agricultural development throughout Russia. Adolf Hitler, started out in a different setting than his power hungry counterpart Josef Stalin. Hitler was born in a completely different country than which he choose to command power in. Since there are strong similar ties in bloodlines between Austrians and Germans, Hitlers father had a few relatives who were of German decent. He spent most of his early childhood failing out of grammar school and dreaming to become a famous artist. Upon his mothers death he officially moved to Vienna, where he tried to attend the Academy for the Arts. His portfolio was not up to the standards of the Academy for him to be admitted as a student; so for much of the remainder of his time in Vienna, Hitler sold his paintings and attended shows and concerts as a member of the middle class would. He put up this front living off of the pension from his father to support his costly lifestyle as a fraud. Adolf Hitler later moved to Munich and after a brief attempt to flee from the drafted service into the Austrian army, Hitler joined the German army to fight on the front line in World War I. He was a communications headquarter runner on the eastern front of the German side for most of the war before being discharged and sent home due to injury in the line of duty. After being discharged from the hospital, Hitler was determined to take up a political role in order to destroy the peace settlement that he denounced as intolerable. Like many Germans, Hitler was shocked and dismayed by Germanys defeat in the First World War. By chance, he attended a meeting of a newly formed political party in Munich in 1919. He decided to join, and within a short time, he had gotten rid of the original leaders and begun to shape the party in ways that reflected his own ideas. The party was the National Socialist German Workers Party. It was a nationalist party in that it wanted Germany to recover the power and prestige that it had lost as a result of its defeat in the First World War. It was Socialist in that it attacked the rich in a number of ways, for example, demanding the abolition of unearned income such as profits from stocks and shares. The combination of nationalism and a kind of Socialism was unusual. It was one that Hitler hoped would win much support from ordinary Germans. The importance of the Nazi Party at this time should not be exaggerated. It was only one of many small parties that sprung up during those years in Munich. However, it was a force to be reckoned with. Hitler proved to be an excellent orator capable of arousing great enthusiasm in an udience. With uniforms, marching songs, cheerleaders and the changing of slogans, Nazi meetings were carefully planned to rouse people to frenzy. Hitler also formed a section of the party known as the Sturmabtellung, or storm troopers. Their job was to deal with hecklers at Nazi meetings as well as to break up the meetings of Hitlers political opponents. The wave of discontent arising out of the French occupation of the Ruhr in 1923 led Hitler to feel that the time had come for him to try to seize power in Bavaria, as a first step to taking over control of the government in Berlin. The Nazi beerhall putsch (so named because it was in a Munich beer cellar that Hitler announced the formation of his new government of National Revolution) was a fiasco. When Nazi brown shirts marched on the center of Munich, loyal troops opened fire. Sixteen Nazis were killed and many of their leaders, including Hitler, taken prisoner. Hitler however, turned this failure to his advantage. His trial, which was reported throughout Germany, gave him the opportunity to make known his views to a much wider audience. He received the most lenient sentence possible: five years in prison. .uab63696609acf76b319efe1dedec6f04 , .uab63696609acf76b319efe1dedec6f04 .postImageUrl , .uab63696609acf76b319efe1dedec6f04 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uab63696609acf76b319efe1dedec6f04 , .uab63696609acf76b319efe1dedec6f04:hover , .uab63696609acf76b319efe1dedec6f04:visited , .uab63696609acf76b319efe1dedec6f04:active { border:0!important; } .uab63696609acf76b319efe1dedec6f04 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uab63696609acf76b319efe1dedec6f04 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uab63696609acf76b319efe1dedec6f04:active , .uab63696609acf76b319efe1dedec6f04:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uab63696609acf76b319efe1dedec6f04 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uab63696609acf76b319efe1dedec6f04 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uab63696609acf76b319efe1dedec6f04 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uab63696609acf76b319efe1dedec6f04 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uab63696609acf76b319efe1dedec6f04:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uab63696609acf76b319efe1dedec6f04 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uab63696609acf76b319efe1dedec6f04 .uab63696609acf76b319efe1dedec6f04-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uab63696609acf76b319efe1dedec6f04:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Christopher Columbus the Liar EssayIn fact, he only served nine months of the sentence, in conditions of considerable comfort. In prison he found the time to write the account of his political views known as Mein Kampf, (My Struggle), this book became the bible of the Nazi Party. The Nazis failed to increase their support in elections during the prosperous years 1924-29. This period, however, saw many developments in the organization of the Party: the creation of party units in northern Germany, the formation of a Hitler youth movement, the establishment of a Nazi trade union known as the German Labor Front, the holding of mpressive annual party rallies. Hitler had realize d that it had been a mistake to try to seize power by force. Such actions only lost the sympathy of groups such as the army and the middle classes whose support he was hoping to attract. In 1929, Hitler joined forces with the conservative National Party in a campaign against the Young Plan. This helped the Nazis appear more respectable. At the same time it brought Hitler into contact with some of Germanys leading industrialists, from whom the Nazi Party was soon to receive a great deal of financial support. On the evening that Hitler was appointed Chancellor in January 1933, huge crowds filed past the Chancellery building in Berlin. Carrying lighted torches and shouting Heil, Heil, Sleg Heil ,the hundreds of thousands of them marched until the early hours of the morning. Hitler, standing on the balcony taking the salute, must have felt that the hour for which he had been waiting for so many years had at last come. That same evening many other Berliners stayed in their homes, depressed, anxious and frightened about the future. Hitler had come to power with the support of the President, the army and many conservative politicians. They all hoped to be able to use him for their own purposes. Hitler, however, was determined that this would not happen. His aim was complete power for himself. His first step was to announce new elections for the Reichstag, hoping this time to gain an overall Nazi majority. Now that he was in control of the government, he was able to use new ways of influencing people: censoring the press, dismissing civil servants who opposed the Nazis, giving police duties to the SA. The whole election campaign was marked by extreme Nazi violence against political opponents, especially against the communists. A week before the election, the Reichstag building in Berlin went up in flames. Blamed on the communists, the Reichstag Fire provided Hitler with the excuse to issue an emergency decree suspending all liberties guaranteed by the Weimar Constitution. The Fire was almost certainly started by the Nazis, but most German people did not suspect this at the time. As a result of the fires, fifty-one anti-Nazis were murdered. The Nazis suppressed all political activity, meetings and publications of non-Nazi parties. The very act of campaigning against the Nazis was in effect made illegal. Nazi newspapers continued to print false evidence of Communist conspiracies, claiming that only Hitler and the Nazis could prevent a Communist takeover. Joseph Goebbels now had control of the State-run radio and broadcast Nazi propaganda and Hitlers speeches all across the nation. The Nazis now turned their attention to election day, March 5. All of the resources of the government necessary for a big win were placed at the disposal of Joseph Goebbels. The big industrialists who had helped Hitler into power gladly coughed up three million marks. Representatives from Krupp munitions and I. G. Farben were among those reaching into their pockets at Gorings insistence. With no money problems and the power of the State behind them, the Nazis campaigned furiously to get Hitler the majority he wanted. On March 5, the last free elections were held. But the people denied Hitler his majority, giving the Nazis only 44 percent of the total vote, 17,277,180. Despite massive propaganda and the brutal crackdown, the other parties held their own. The Center Party got over four million and the Social Democrats over seven million. The Communists lost votes but still got over four million. This is the deviant plan which helped Hitler reach is ultimate goal of a complete governing power by himself with no one to question his authority. These two men were very demanding in obtaining what they thought should be the rule of a nation by their own personal control. Stalin and Hitler were very close in the same way that they had an aggressive vigor to force a type of commanding dictatorship into their respective countries. Each had a special army that they put in high regard politically to where they were considered special police agents. These armies were under different orders, but their main objectives were to stop anyone who opposed, or were thought to be in opposition to the head of state. Also, both Stalin and Hitler had ideas to improve the education levels and economic prosperity of their own countries, each trying to put their own at the top of the world in industry and commerce. Although Hitler and Stalin were opposed to each others own strategies and political stance on being a world dominator, they were very similar in the way to which they fought for political power.

Reaction Definition in Chemistry

Reaction Definition in Chemistry A reaction or chemical reaction is a chemical change which forms new substances.  In other words, reactants react to form products that have a different chemical formula. Indications a reaction has occurred include temperature change, color change, bubble formation, and/or precipitate formation. Chemical Reactions Take Different Forms The major types of chemical reaction are: Synthesis or Direct Combination Reaction - Reactants form a more complex product.Decomposition or Analysis Reaction - A reactant breaks into two or more smaller products.Single Displacement or Replacement Reaction - Also called a substitution reaction, this occurs when the ion from one reactant changes place with another.Double Displacement or Replacement Reaction - Also called a metathesis reaction, this occurs when both cations and anions of the reactants trade places to form products. While some reactions involve a change in the state of matter (e.g., liquid to gas phase), a phase change is not necessarily an indicator of a reaction. For example, melting ice into water is not a chemical reaction because the reactant is chemically identical to the product. Reaction Example: The chemical reaction H 2(g)  ½ O 2(g) → H 2O(l) describes the formation of water from its elements.

Factory, Industry, and Plant

Factory, Industry, and Plant Factory, Industry, and Plant Factory, Industry, and Plant By Maeve Maddox An ESL speaker asks for a discussion of the nouns factory, industry, and plant in the context of the following: â€Å"mineral water factory,† â€Å"mineral water industry,† and â€Å"mineral water plant.† factory An earlier meaning of factory was â€Å"the employment, office, or position of a factor.† A factor, as in the word cornfactor, is â€Å"an agent who buys and sells, or transacts other business, on behalf of another person or company.† In the context of manufacturing, a factory is â€Å"a building or range of buildings for the manufacture or assembly of goods or for the processing of substances or materials.† The earliest OED citation of this meaning of factory (1618) refers to a facility for the printing and manufacture of books. industry The noun industry has several meanings. The relevant definition in this discussion is this one: A particular form or sector of productive work, trade, or manufacture. In later use also more generally: any commercial activity or enterprise. Also with modifying word indicating the type of activity or principal product: banking industry, car industry, film industry, heavy industry, service industry, tourist industry, etc. plant The noun plant has numerous meanings, but in the context of manufacturing, plant is often a synonym for factory: the premises, fittings, and equipment of a business; a factory, a place where an industrial process is carried out. In extended use: the workers employed at a business, institution, or factory. â€Å"A mineral water factory† can describe a place â€Å"for the processing of mineral water.† Perhaps more commonly, such a facility is called â€Å"a bottling plant.† The phrase â€Å"mineral water industry† connotes all the commercial activity that goes into the acquisition, preparation, and sale of mineral water. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:"Based in" and "based out of"How to Punctuate Descriptions of Colors75 Synonyms for â€Å"Hard†

Schools and society 601.4.4-10 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Schools and society 601.4.4-10 - Essay Example Show them a Saree from India and a Kimono from Japan. Explain that USA brings out the best in everyone. Ask children if they know where President Kennedy’s family originally came from ? Tell them they came from Ireland and he was the first Irish-American President of the US. Arnold Schwarzenegger, the Governor of California and former film actor is an Austrian American. Show picture of â€Å"melting pot† (Villager, 2006) and explain how different cultures have created the uniqueness that is America. Explain that, in a melting pot, cultures blend together to form a smooth and consistent whole – with contribution from each. Then show a picture of â€Å"tossed salad†. A tossed salad is also made of many components and forms a complete whole. Ask students how a tossed salad is different from a melting pot ? Explain that, in a tossed salad, each community is a seamless, well-fitted part of the whole where individual beauty of their own culture is also preserved. Give example of lettuce in the picture which is part of the salad but still distinctively identifiable. Read excerpts of the American adaptation of Korean story â€Å"The Tiger and the Dried Persimmon† by Janie Jaehyun (2002). The folk tale shows the strength of speaking one’s mind and being fearless. Ask students if they liked the Korean folk tale and if they know where Korea is and whether they have any Asian friends. Ask students if they know that many words spoken in English today were originally brought to our culture and English language from different regions of the world ? Give examples of Hurricane (Spanish), Algebra (Arabic), Fajita (Spanish), Bazar (Urdu), Cent (Latin – French, Italian, German). Speak a little about these countries and their citizens who have made their home in the US. Explain to students how cultures bring languages and words together making it easier for us to understand new

Financial Management Degree Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Financial Management Degree - Case Study Example As the acquirer buys another company and pays cash to the target's shareholders, the bidding shareholders would be able to retain the same level of control in the company because their equity proportion is not diluted. To some shareholders, retaining the level of control over the whole entity after the target company has been acquired is one of the major considerations (McDougall & Chenhall). Another advantage of cash purchase to the bidding shareholders is that is is simple and straightforward. A cash offer would be more likely attractive to the target's shareholders especially when economic times are not so predictable, therefore the acquisition deal would prove to have higher success. A major disadvantage to the acquirer would be the huge sum of cash that it has to raise in order to fulfil the deal. While it is less likely for a company to raise such a huge amount of cash from its retained earnings, it is necessary for the company to raise it through other means, such as by incurring debt. The dilution of the capital structure of the company through higher debt, which affects its risk and credit rating, is a major disadvantage. If the company already has a high amount of debt, the acquirer's shareholders would find that the huge amount of debt to raise cash and pay for the acquisition would erode the company's credit rating, and would increase the risk of each share that they hold. From the point of view of the target's ... B. Shares exchange Another form of merger financing is shares exchange. Instead of paying cash, the acquiring company can issue more shares for the target's shareholders in exchange for the shares that they hold in the target company. From the point of view of the acquirer's shareholders, shares exchange is beneficial in such that the company would not have to be burdened to raise a huge amount of cash through other financing means such as debt, which could put pressure and increased risk on each of the shares they hold. The company's liquidity position would not be compromised in the process (McDougall & Chenhall). Shares exchange have been so attractive during the past decades because of its impact on the acquirer's price/earning ratio. If the target has a low p/e ratio, the acquirer can take advantage of it by issuing one share equivalent to more than one share of the target's. This can have a significant impact on the acquirer's own p/e ratio. However, one major disadvantage of shares exchange to the acquirer's shareholders is the dilution of equity due to the issue of more shares, which leads to the dilution of position and lower level of control over the company. With shares exchange, the target's shareholders will not incur capital gains tax because no immediate sale of shares has taken place. If the target's shareholders sell their new shares in the acquiring company, that is when they pay the capital gains tax. This is one of the advantages. Another advantage is that the target's shareholders will be able to maintain a position in the new combined entity. One disadvantage to the target's shareholders would be that, if the acquiring company fails to generate

Team Work Essay Example for Free

Team Work Essay Teamwork is the concept of people working together as a   to achieve the underlying objectives of the organization. TheTeam must have a clear vision of each of these short-term milestone goals as well as their impact on the long-term business goals of the organization. In many organizations today people working by themselves in achieving the overall objectives of the organization cannot accomplish certain goals and usually require people to work together with others due to its complexity, interrelatedness and the voluminous of the tasks undertaken. In fostering there is no one individual who owns a work area or process all by themselves, people should be open and receptive to ideas and input from others in the Team . The values of teamwork should be shared among the members of the team while compensation and rewards should depend on collaborative practices as much as individual contribution and achievement. It is important to identify   and thereby set a benchmark to the rest of the teams. However before embarking on , conflicts of all kinds should be resolved within the organization. Apart from the required technical expertise, a variety of social skills are essential for success in aTeam culture. The Forming-Storming-Norming-Performing model (Bruce Tuckman, 1965) takes the team through four stages of TEAM development. These phases are essential and inevitable in order for the team to grow, to face up to challenges, to tackle problems, to find solutions, plan the work effectively and deliver the end results. However there is a need to establish and develop collaboration and trust between team members vis a vis interactive exercises, team assessments which will enable teams to cultivate effective team building strengths amongst each other. Modern society and culture continues to become more dynamic and the factors contributing towards this include the communications revolution, the global market, specialization and division of labor. Thereby individuals are now required to work with many different groups of people in their working environment and also the personal lives. Successful Team that creates effective, focused work teams requires attention to the following areas mentioned in Figure A.   Empowerment is the process of giving an opportunity or authorizing an individual to take decisions, think creatively and have a control of his/her duties in an organization. It is the responsibility on the organization to create a work environment, which helps the desire of employees to act in empowered ways. Top management of organizations has a very important role to play in making employee empowerment successful. Initially the managers need to understand what empowerment really means; and thereby establish boundaries for empowerment, in the event of the managers absence, the decisions that could be made by staff members should be clearly defined; Managers should also build faith and trust on their decisions made by their employees; further managers should coach, train and provide necessary information and learning opportunities for staff to make effective decisions. They should tackle situations wisely and not blame or punish their staff for minute mistakes to avoid employees flee from empowerment, The organizations should ensure that they remove barriers that limit the ability of staff to act in empowered ways. Employees should be motivated in terms of compensation, recognition and responsibility in order to drive success of empowerment. The Flow Chart below depicts the increasing role for employees and decreasing role for supervisors in the decision making process in today’s context. The supervisor makes the decision and cascades it to the staff The supervisor makes the decision and obtains commitment from staff The supervisor invites idea’s into a decision while retaining authority to make the final decision The supervisor invites employees to join him/her in order to make the final decision The supervisor delegates to another person to make the necessary decisions. This is only where empowerment steps in.   British American Tobacco (BAT) came into light with one objective; to seek market leadership in all countries where a market existed. BAT’s expansion to Ceylon was in 1905. Ceylon Tobacco Company (CTC) Limited continued it’s Sri Lankan operations and was incorporated in 1932. Between years of 1990 – 1994, a self assessment was conducted and CTC identified the following lacunas such as lack of overall direction, lack of awareness on business issues, discontinued management team, departments functioning in isolation and in disciplined environment. After which the management identified Key initiatives and actions such as knowledge management, people involvement, culture change, gaining confidence of unions/employees and improvements in productivity via practicing concepts of Teamwork, industrial harmony etc. During the period 1995 – 1996 CTC focused on building Trust within the company employees by adapting Teamwork throughout the organization, extensive training for shop floor employees, common time entry system, common recreation facilities, common social events etc. During 1997, shared vision and mission with focus business strategy, re-engineered business processes, multidisciplinary cross functional project teams, extensive training and education, creation of a winning culture, industrial and non industrial benchmarking and focus on continuous improvement.